2F The Periodic Table
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What is an element?
A substance made up of only one type of atom
What is matter made of?
Atoms
How do we write chemical symbols?
The first letter is a capital, if there is another letter it is lower case.
What is the chemical symbol for lithium: li LI or Li?
Li, first letter capital, second letter lower case
What is formed when elements are joined together?
Molecules are formed. A molecule can be made of the same atoms joined together. This molecule would still be called an element because there is only one type of atom. A molecule could be made of different atoms joined together. This molecule would be called a compound because there is more than one type of atom.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is formed when two or more elements or compounds are present without being chemically bonded together.
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance of two or more different types of atom that are chemically combined to form a molecule.
What is a chemical formula?
It tells you which atoms make up the molecule and how many of the different atoms there are.
How is the periodic table arranged?
The periodic table is arranged in rows (called periods) and columns (called groups). Elements within the same group have similar properties
What are properties of chemical elements?
Properties are the qualities and characteristics of a substance that describe and identify it. In the periodic table they can tell you if an element is a metal or non metal, if it is reactive or unreactive.
Atomic structure tells us about the protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom. Where are these found?
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of the atom, electrons are in shells orbiting the nucleus.
What are the charges on the three particles?
Neutrons have no charge, electrons have a negative charge and protons have a positive charge.
What is the atomic number of an element?
It’s number on the periodic table and how many protons it has. e.g. carbon is number 6, it has 6 protons
What is the mass number?
The number of protons and neutrons an atom has added together.
Why do atoms have no charge?
The positive charge of the protons is cancelled out by the negative charge on the electrons. There are always the same amount of protons and electrons in an atom.
How many electrons can the first electron shell hold?
2 electrons
How many electrons can the second and third electron shell hold?
8 electrons
How do we fill in the electron shells?
Always one electron at a time working north, south, east then west.
What do the groups in the periodic table tell us about the outer electron shells?
All the elements in the group have the same number of electrons in their outer electron shell. In group 1 they all have 1 electron in their outer shell, in group 4 they all have 4 electrons in their outer shell
Describe the alkali metals in group 1
Very reactive metals. All have 1 electron in their outer electron shell. Soft and can be cut with a knife
Describe the noble gases in group 0.
Very unreactive non-metals. They all have 8 electrons in their outer electron shell so that shell is full and this is why they are unreactive.
Describe the halogens in group 7
All have 7 electrons in their outer electron shell. They are very reactive non-metals. They make coloured vapours.