Urinary system
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What are the 4 components of the urinary system?
kidneys ureters urinary bladder Urethra
What are the four primary functions of the urinary system?
• Eliminates metabolic wastes • Kidneys conserve and excrete water mostly used to get rid of urea • Conserves and excretes electrolytes • Maintains and regulates the composition and pH of tissue fluid
What are the 3 types of metabolic products/waste that the kidney eliminates?
• Urea • uric acid • creatine
Kidney tissue is derived from embryonic mesoderm tissue in three stages, name them?
• Pronephros • Mesonephros • Metanephros
Pronephros ( stage 1) of embryonic development of kidneys
This embryonic mesoderm tissue is developed in embryo and is gone by the sixth week. In this stage kidneys are not yet functional
Mesonephros ( stage 2) of embryonic development of kidneys
In this stage, kidneys are still not functional. this layer is gone by the 8th week
Metanephros (stage 3) of the embryonic development of kidneys
the pair of kidneys we have are fully developed here. this is the stage the kidneys complete maturation together with associated ducts and are considered fully developed by the 8th week.
Describe the anatomy of the kidney? what does it look like?
The kidneys are a pair of bean shaped organs. They are capped in the superior side of the adrenal glands they are said to be located retroperitoneal
What does the term retroperitoneal mean in regards to the location of the kidneys?
They are located behind the peritoneal cavity separated by a membrane.
Define peritoneum
A membrane covering the abdominal cavity
What are the three layers that surround each kidney?
• Renal capsule • Adipose capsule 3, Renal Fascia
Renal capsule layer
this layer is the innermost layer (deep). This layer covers the surface of he kidney.
Adispose capsule layer
This is the layer of tissue that cushions the kidney
Renal fascia layer
This is the most superficial layer/outermost layer This is the layer that anchors the kidney to the posterior abdominal wall
What are the two external features of the kidney?
• The kidney has a convex lateral border and a concave medial border • The kidney has a renal hilus
What is the Renal Hilus?
This is the location on the kidney where the ureter and blood vessels connect on the medial surface of the kidney. This is basically the entry point of the kidney.
What are the two internal structures of the kidney?
Cortex Medulla
Describe the cortex of the kidney
an internal structure of the kidney. Considered the outer layer in the kidney and consists on NO pyramids
What is the primary function of the cortex?
filtration
Filtration occurs as a result of change in?
change in pressure.
Describe the medulla structure of the kidney
-an internal structure of the kidney -Considered deeper and found towards the center of the kidneys -consists of pyramids
The medulla layer of the kidney consist of four structures, name them
a. Renal pyramids b. Minor Calyx c. Major Calyx d.Renal Pelvis
Renal pyramids
contains collecting ducts that drains urine
Minor Calyx
– the tubes at the tip of the papilla or the point of the pyramids where urine is released and drains to the renal pelvis