Genetics
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What are DNA strands called?
Polymers
Name the 4 bases for a DNA unit?
Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
What shape describes DNA?
Double helix
Complementary bases What is matched with A Adenine?
T Thymine
Complementary bases What goes with C Cytosine?
G Guanine
What are complementary bases joined together with?
Weak hydrogen bonds
How is your DNA passed onto the next generation?
Reproduction
What are chromosomes?
Long, coiled up molecules of DNA
Where are chromosomes found?
Nucleus of eukaryotic cells
What determines what protein is produced?
The sequence of bases in the gene
What practical test can you use to extract DNA from fruit cells?
Add detergent and salt Detergent breaks down cell membranes to release DNA Salt makes DNA stick together
Who won Nobel prize for their work on DNA?
Crick Watson Wilkins
Why is it useful to use salt when extracting DNA from fruit cells?
Salt makes DNA stick together
How many chromosomes do human cells contain?
46
How many chromosomes in a haploid cell?
23
In flowering plants where are male gametes found?
Pollen
Where are female gametes found in flowering cells?
Ovaries at bottom of stigma
What are normal cells with full number of chromosomes called?
Diploid
What are reproductive cells called?
Gametes
What are animal gametes better known as ?
Sperm and egg cells
What is a zygote?
A fertilised egg
What happens when a male gametes fuses with a female gamete?
Produces a fertilised egg
What happens when a zygote undergoes cell division by mitosis?
Develops into an embryo
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
Doesn’t produce identical cells