ETC

NADH + FADH deliver high -energy elctrons to the ETC NADH donates to complex 1 FADH donates to complex 2

inner mitochondrial membrane

electrons flow down ETC, energy released is used to pump H+ ions from matrix to intermembrane space creating steep proton electrochemical gradient

H+ diffuse back into matrix via ATP synthase this drives oxidative phosphorylation ADP+Pi - ATP

final electron acceptor accepts - electrons from ETC protons from H+ forms water

ETC stops, no proton gradient, no ATP, cell dies

inhibits the FINAL carrier in the ETC (Cytochrome Oxidase). This stops electrons from ever reaching Oxygen. The entire chain backs up immediately like a massive traffic jam. No ATP can be made at all.

These usually inhibit an EARLY carrier (Complex I). While this stops Reduced NAD from working, Reduced FAD can still join the chain further down at Complex II. You make much less ATP, but you make some.

A series of protein complexes (electron carriers) and coenzymes embedded in the membrane, plus the enzyme ATP Synthase

They are oxidized. They deliver Hydrogen atoms which split into: High-energy electrons - Go into the chain. Protons - Go into the mitochondrial matrix solution.

series of Redox reactions. As electrons move from a high energy level to a lower one, they release energy.

The flow of protons through ATP Synthase provides the energy to drive the oxidative phosphorylation ADP + Pi = ATP