Chapter 9
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What factors can influence energy consumption?
Affluence Relative cost of energy Type of industry Social and environmental awareness Climate
What are features of energy resources?
Renewable/non-renewable Depletable/non-depletable Abundance Locational constraints Intermittency Predictability Energy density Resource availability Ease of storage Ease or transportation Environmental impacts Technological developments
What are the political influence on energy resources?
• Government may provide assistance to sections of the energy industry • E.g. grants, market price, financial support for affected communities
What are the economic influences on energy resources?
Isn’t easy to calculate the full energy cost Price paid doesn’t always cover all associated costs
What factors affect the sustainability of current energy use?
Resource depletion Economic sustainability Environmental impacts
What are some ways the energy supplied in the future will change?
Some resources may be depleted Concerns about the environmental damage Current supplies can’t meet the growth New technologies are becoming more available
What are the 2 new technologies for coal
Coal gasification Coal liquefaction
What are the 5 ways that oil can be extracted?
Primary oil recovery Secondary oil recovery Tertiary oil recovery Directional drilling Subsea production wells
What does primary oil recovery involve?
Use of pump jacks
What does secondary oil recovery involve?
Pumping water/natural gas down an injection well to maintain the pressure and the flow of oil
What does tertiary oil recovery involve?
Pumping steam to heat the oil Controlled underground combustion to heat the oil and reduce viscosity
What does directional drilling involve?
Allows wells to be drilled that aren’t vertical which allows for access to more remote locations
What are subsea production wells?
Located on the seabed and have no platforms at the surface.
What is fracking?
Use of high pressure to open fissures which allows for the extraction of the natural gas
What are 5 examples of potential environmental impacts of fracking?
Natural gas may enter aquifer water Chemicals may enter aquifers Toxic metals could become mobile Large volumes of water is needed Earthquakes
What are the 2 ways tar sands are extracted?
Quarried using large excavators In-situ production which uses steam injection
What are the 3 new technologies for natural gas?
Enhanced natural gas recovery Methane hydrate Carbon capture and storage
How can methane hydrate be extracted?
Water heating Depressurisation Carbon Dioxide injection
What are the 10 properties of renewable energy resources?
Intermittency Predictability Energy density Ease of storage Application to current uses of energy Environmental impacts Geographical constraints Size of available resource Level of technological development Economic issue
Define secondary fuels.
Primary fuels come directly from the environment but may not be in a form that can be used so they are converted to a useable source.
What 2 main methods are used to release the chemical energy from hydrogen?
Combustion Fuel cells
What problem does energy storage address?
Helps to address the disadvantages of energy resources which are only available intermittently.
What are the 4 ways hydrogen can be stored.
Compressed gas Liquid Metal hybride systems Ammonia
What are the benefits of energy storage?
Large quantity of fuel can be accumulated for more economic transportation Energy production rates can be kept constant Surplus energy can be stored until required