The Nervous System
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What is the peripheral nervous system?
the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.
What is the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
What is the brain protected by?
scalp, skull, three layers of meninges and cerebrospinal fluid
What are the two hemispheres of the brain, what do they control?
right hemisphere: left side of the body and left hemisphere: right side of the body
What two types of matter make up the brain? What are they responsible for?
Grey matter: found outside the brain, responsible for information prosessing. White matter: found inside the brain responsible for information transfer.
How are the two hemispheres connected?
corpus callosum
What are the functions (overall) of the brain
Responsible for memory, logic and judgment, Analyzes and interprets the nerve impulses sent from the sensory organs Produces nerve impulses to stimulate muscles to move and glands to secrete substances.
What are the lobes of the brain?
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
What is the limbic system?
The limbic system is the internal portion of the brain that controls our behavioural and emotional responses
What makes up the limbic system?
hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus, olfactory bulb
What is the olfactory bulb responsible for
processing the sense of smell
What is the amygdala responsible for
emotion
What is the thalamus responsible for
information relay
What is the hippocampus responsible for
memory
What is the hypothalamus responsible for
homeostasis
What is the cerebellums functions
coordinating movement and balance, Determines the required force and speed needed for a certain movement
What is the brain stems function?
connects the brain to the cerebellum and spinal cord Regulates respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure and reflexes (coughing, swallowing, hiccupping, vomiting and sneezing)
What are the three parts of the brainstem?
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
What is the spinal cord?
the main communications link between the brain and body
What is the function of the spinal cord?
Transport electrical nerve impulses from the encephalon to the motor nerves Transport electrical nerve impulses from sensory nerves to the encephalon
What is a neuron?
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
What does a neuron admit and why?
electrical nerve impulses (electrical currents) between each other to communicate with one another and to bring messages to the brain.
What are the three parts of the neuron
dendrites, cell body, axon
What is a dendrites?
receive information, extendable part of neuron (communicator)