Final Exam

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

The Cell Cycle

Back (Answer)

1 Cell growth and chromosome duplication 2 Chromosome segregation 3 Cell division into daughter cells

Front (Question)

Eukaryotic Cell-Cycle Times Cell Type Early frog embryo cells Yeast cells Mammalian intestinal epithelial cells Mammalian fibroblasts in culture

Back (Answer)

Cell-Cycle Times 30 minutes 1.5 hours ~12 hours ~20 hours

Front (Question)

Interphase

Back (Answer)

M Phase - mitosis (nuclear division), cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division) G1 Phase S Phase - DNA Replication G2 Phase

Front (Question)

Cell Cycle Checkpoint: Enter Mitosis

Back (Answer)

Is all DNA replicated? Is all DNA damage repaired?

Front (Question)

Cell Cycle Checkpoint: Pull Duplicated Chromosomes Apart

Back (Answer)

Are all chromosomes properly attached to the mitosis spindle?

Front (Question)

Cell Cycle Checkpoint: Enter S Phase

Back (Answer)

Is environment favorable?

Front (Question)

Progression through the cell cycle depends on

Back (Answer)

cyclic- dependent protein kinases

Front (Question)

The M-cyclin concentration and M-Cdk activity are at a ____ during mitosis and are ______ through interphase

Back (Answer)

high, rising

Front (Question)

Distinct Cdk’s associate with different cyclins to trigger specific events in the cell cycle

Back (Answer)

and have different concentration and activity graphs

#10

Front (Question)

The Major Cyclins and Cdks of Vertebrates Cyclin-Cdk Complex G1-Cdk G1\S-Cdk S-Cdk M-Cdk

Back (Answer)

Cyclin Cdk Partner Cyclin D* Cdk4, Cdk6 Cyclin E Cdk2 Cyclin A Cdk2 Cyclin B Cdk1 *there are three D cyclins in mammals (cyclins D1, D2, and D3)

#11

Front (Question)

Cyclin-dependent kinase activity is often regulated through

Back (Answer)

targeted degradation of cyclin

#12

Front (Question)

Active cyclin-Cdk complex —1—> Ubiquitin Chain —2—> Inactive Cdk

Back (Answer)

1 Ubiquitylation of cyclin by APC 2 Destruction of cyclin in proteasome

#13

Front (Question)

For m-Cdk to be active, __________ __________ must be removed

Back (Answer)

inhibitory phosphates

#14

Front (Question)

Mitotic Cdk —1—> Inactive M-Cdk + Inhibitory Phosphate —2—> Active M-Cdk

Back (Answer)

1 M cyclin, Inhibitory kinase 2 Phosphate Ion, Activating Phosphatase

#15

Front (Question)

The activity of a Cdk can be blocked by

Back (Answer)

the binding of a Cdk inhibitor

#16

Front (Question)

Control of the cell cycle: Inhibition of activating phosphatase

Back (Answer)

Blocks entry to mitosis

#17

Front (Question)

Control of the cell cycle: Inhibition of APC activation

Back (Answer)

Delays exit from mitosis

#18

Front (Question)

Control of the cell cycle: Cdk inhibitors

Back (Answer)

Block entry to S phase

#19

Front (Question)

___ ______ can arrest the cell cycle in G1 phase

Back (Answer)

DNA damage (from an X-ray for example)

#20

Front (Question)

The initiation of DNA replication takes place in two steps DNA, Cdc6, ORC (origin recognition complex sitting on origin) —1—> DNA helicase, pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) —2—> S-Cdk, Replication Fork, DNA polymerase —>

Back (Answer)

1 G1, Helicase binds, Cdc6 Dissociates, Orgin Loaded 2 S, Helicase activated, replication machine recruited, Origin Fired Completion of DNA Replication

#21

Front (Question)

At mitosis, activated M-Cdk indirectly activated more M-Cdk, creating a

Back (Answer)

positive feedback loop

#22

Front (Question)

Mitosis is driven by

Back (Answer)

microtubules and associated proteins

#23

Front (Question)

Sister chromatids separate at

Back (Answer)

anaphase

#24

Front (Question)

The division of a cell into two daughters occurs in the _ _____ of the cell cycle

Back (Answer)

M phase