Chapter 7A - Hydrocarbons
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What are hydrocarbons?
• simplest class of hydrocarbons • consist of H and C atoms in chains of varying length
Define aliphatic
Carbon and Hydrogen atoms are arranged in straight or branched chains
Cyclic
Carbon atoms are arranged in a ring structure
Saturated
Contains only single carbon to carbon covalent bonds
Unsaturated
Contains double or triple carbon to carbon covalent bonds
What does degree of unsaturation mean?
A measure of the number of C=C bonds in a molecule
Alkane
• only single carbon to carbon bonds • saturated
Alkene
• one or more double carbon to carbon bonds • unsaturated • kinks in chains
Homologous series
A family of hydrocarbons containing the same functional groups and each successive one differs by the previous by a CH2 group. - similar chemical properties - pattern to physical properties - same general formula
What type of cyclic hydrocarbons are there?
• saturated hydrocarbons • unsaturated aromatic compounds (no terminal carbon)
Saturated cyclic hydrocarbons
• cyclohexane • C6H12 (alkane joined in a ring)
Unsaturated Aromatic Compound
• Benzene • C6H6 (very stable structure) • each carbon froms 3 covalent bonds • 4th valence electrons become delocalised & shared equally b/w carbon atoms • each carbon has 1.5 bond to each neighbour
Functional Group
Specific group of atoms within a compound that effects the chemical properties of the compound