THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A group of organs that allow a person to breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body

• EXTERNAL RESPIRATION: Exchanging air between the body and the outside environment. • INTERNAL RESPIRATION: Bringing oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide

• Supplies the body with oxygen and disposes of carbon dioxide • Filters inspired air • produces sound • Contains receptors for smell • Expels heat and moisture to prevent overheating • Helps regulate blood ph

Process taking air and expelling it from the lungs

• INHALATION: * Also called “inspiration” * Draws gases into the lungs • EXHALATION: * Called “expiration” * Forces gases out of the lungs

• PULMONARY VENTILATION • EXTERNAL RESPIRATION • INTERNAL RESPIRATION

Exchange of gases between lungs and atmosphere

• Exchange of gases between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries across the respiratory membrane. • Pulmonary capillary GAINS O2 and LOSES C02

• Exchange of gases between systemic capillaries and tissue cells • CELLULAR RESPIRATION consumes OXYGEN and gives Carbon dioxide

• Provides an airway for respiration • Moistens and warms the entering air • Filters and cleans the air • Serves as a vibrating chamber for speech • Houses olfactory receptors

• Tiny hairs • Acts as a filter to catch dust and other particles in the air we breathe

Two holes, where air passes

Used to breathe when we need more air than what can be taken in through the nostrils

• Commonly called “throat”, both passages of food and air • Lined by a mucosa and contain skeletal muscles that are primarily for SWALLOWING

• NASOPHARYNX • OROPHARYNX • LARYNGOPHARYNX

Contains Adenoids (Pharyngeal Tonsils)

Back portion of the mouth that contains PALATINE TONSILS

• Bottom part of the pharynx • The respiratory tract divides into ESOPHAGUS and LARYNX

• Known as the “voicebox” • Contain EPIGLOTTIS, a cartilage found at the top of the Larynx • Supported by the framework of ninepieces of cartilage that are held in place by LIGAMENTS and MUSCLES

• A flexible tube (windpipe) through which respiratory gas transport takes place • It is lined with CILIATED CELLS to push particles out • CARTILAGE RINGS guard it against pressure when breathing.

• Air passage • Keeps the airway open • Cleans and air • Moistens and warms the air

• RIGHT MAIN BRONCHUS • LEFT MAIN BRONCHUS

The two main tubes that branch off from the trachea and carry air into the lungs.

• Each lung has a conical shape, and its wide, concave base rests upon the muscular diaphragm. • Bordered by the chest wall • Supported by the RIBCAGE • Lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum. • They consist of a cluster of bronchioles, alveoli, blood vessels and elastic tissue • Transports oxygen into the bloodstream and EXCRETE CO2 into the air.