Unit 12 - Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

• Time • Temperature • Mass • Volume

• Seconds (s) • Minutes (min) • Hours (h) • Days (d)

• Celsius (˚C) • Kelvin (˚K)

• Kilogram (kg) • Gram (g) • Tonne (t)

• Cubic meters (m^3) • Cubic decimeters (dm^3) • Cubic centimetres (cm^3)

• Stopwatch

• Thermometer

• Mass balance

• Burettes • Volumetric pipettes • Measuring cylinders • Gas syringes

• Used for volume of liquids • Units of measurements are usually in cm^3 • Increments are usually in every 0.2 or 0.1cm^3 • Not very accurate for small values

• Used for volume of liquids • Transfers small volumes of liquids from one vessel to another • Accurate for smaller volumes

• Used for volume of liquids • Long tube that usually stores up to 50cm^3 • Very accurate • Increments of 0.1cm^3

• Used for volume of gases • Inner chamber with a ground glass surface around a ground glass surface • Gas-tight seal • Can hold between 500cm^3 - 0.25cm^ and be accurate up to 0.01cm^3 depending on size

Usually a liquid which dissolves a solute

The substance being dissolved by the solvent

Mixture of substances, usually a liquid or solution with an insoluble solid due to separation of solid substances through solvents

The insoluble portion of the mixture/suspension

The soluble portion of the mixture/suspension

Dependent on the temperature of the solvent

A solution which contains as much of the solute as possible at a particular temperature of the solvent

Finds out how much acid or alkali reacts with a certain volume of acid or alkali

A substance that changes color depending if it is in the pretense of an acid or base

• Litmus • Thymolphthalein - Blue - colorless • Methyl orange • Phenolphthalein - colorless - Pink

• Acid is added to alkali through a burette until indicator changes color • Alkali is in a conical flask and is constantly swirled • Slowly let the acid in drop by drop until a color change