Biology
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What are Eukaryotic cells?
• plants • animals
The _________ contains the cell’s genetic material (in the form of DNA), and so controls the cell’s activities.
Nucleus
what is the function of the nucleus?
• stores genetic materials • controls cells activity
What are ribosomes?
• where proteins are made
Where are proteins made?
ribosomes
what is the site of protein synthesis
another word for ribosomes
What is the cytoplasm?
A jelly-like material containing nutrients and salts, where chemical reactions take place
what is the mitochondria?
generate the energy necessary to power cells • Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, so they release energy for the cell.
What is a vacuole?
The vacuole is a large sac in the middle of the cell that contains a watery solution of sugars and salts (cell sap). It helps maintain the structure and shape of the cell.
The ___________ is made of cellulose. This makes it strong and allows it to maintain the shape of the cell.
cell wall
Bacteria are classed as ___________ organisms.
prokaryotic
What are plasmids
What is mitosis and meiosis?
two types of cell division
talk about the genetic materials in eukaryotic cells:
cells that contain genetic material called DNA enclosed in a nucleus
talk about the genetic materials in prokaryotic cells:
genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus
prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, true or false?
true
how is the structure of genetic material in prokaryotic cells?
the genetic material is a single loop of DNA
what are plasmids?
small rings of DNA
prokaryotes have a cell membrane and cell wall true or false?
true but bacterial cell wall not plant cell wall
do prokaryotes have cytoplasm?
yes
stages of mitosis
1- first stage- ~DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each chromosomes - cell grows and copies its internal structure such s mitochondria and ribosomes 2- mitosis takes place - one set of chromosones is puleed to each end of the cell. - the nuclei divides final - cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to from 2 idenrtical cells
Function of mitosis:
1- essential for growth and development of multicellular organisms 2- mitosis takes place when an organism repairs itself (broken bone) 3- mitosis happens during aesexual reproduction
meaning of diffusion:
net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
osmosis meaning:
net movement of water from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient