ionic and covalent bonding

anion- is when an atom gains electrons, therefore it is a negative ion cation- is when an atom looses electrons, therefore a positive ion

is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

firstly all metals have a positive charge group 1- +1 group 2- +2 transtion metals- changes group 3- +3 (only aluminium and galium) group 4- transtion metals group 5- -3 group 6- -2 group 7- -1 group 8- 0

strong electrostatic attraction between opositely charged ions

YES

high melting and boiling point good electrical conductivity when aqueos or molten because electrons are free to move carrying charge vs when solid electrons cant move

ionic compound millions of ions packed together in a regular cubic arrangement joined by ionic bonds, with alternating positive and negative ions

high melting and boiling points because of very strong and many ionic bonds taking lots of energy to break in addition they have good electrical conductivity when molten

when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms leading to noble gas electronic configuration, only happens between two non metals

low melting and boiling points because attraction between molecules is low, doesnt take lots of energy to break up lattice, weak intermolecular forces insoluble in water donot conduct electricity because they are no charge particles

structure made up of millions of atoms joined together by strong ovslent bonds, diamond graphite and silicon dioxide

has strong covalent bonds but weak intermoleculer forces

tetrahedral shape, centre atom froms 4 bonds, strong covalent bonds

centre atom forms 4 bonds, strong covalent bonds

have high melting points and doesnt conduct electricity because each atom is held in place by 4 strong covalent bonds, which needs lots of energy to break

conducts electricity and is soft because sheets can slide over each other because they are held by weak intermolecular forces, and because carbon atoms has four electrons but forms nly 3 bonds, so one electron is free to move carrying charge

graphite is used for pencil lead, beause of dark color and because is soft diamond and silicon dioxide are used for edge wheels and cutting stone and as jewlery, because very hard and require hgih energy to break bonds