Fluency Disorders

Effortless flow of speech Ability to produce speech with normally long strings of sounds at a normally rapid rate without pausing or hesitation normal amount of effort

Dis is the perfered spelling and fluency Dys is negative connation Disruption or breakdown in flow of speech

Everyone experiences minor interruptions inthe flow of speech at times especially common in young children as they are starting to produce sentences

Interruption in the flow of speaking, characterized by specific types of disfluencies, including repetitions of sounds, syllables and words prolongations of consonants when it isn’t for emphasis blocks inaudible or silent fixation or inability to initiate sounds

repetitions - sentences - phrases - words interjections revisions hesitations no awareness or frustration mostly fluent

Repetitions syllables individual sounds sound prolongations sound blocks tense pauses bursts of speech clusters of disfluency associated body movements blink eyes alot

In the first 6 months after onset, groups can look very similar Strong decline in disfluencies within 1st year in the normal disfluency group More likely to stutter if there is a family history of stuttering

Vast majority of people with fluency disorders usually a syllabal word or phrase repetition

Neurogenic stuttering which is caused by damage to cerellbelum and brain stem high number of involuntary repetitions Psychogenic stuttering is linked to their psychological stress; if you treat psychological issues stuttering can go away

A small percentage of the population currently stutters small percentage will stutter during the course of their development More prevalent in boys Onset between 2-5 years

It is heritable, where it is more often in twins and runs in families and suggesting genetic predisposition Variable within utterances day to day across situations if tired or hungry or angry and nervous

Novel speaking manner While alone speaking to animals or kids disruptions in auditory feedback

anticipating stuttering having to say specific words talking on the phone

mi milk ddd dog

I….I want that

lassie lassie is a good dog

I’m tiiiiiimy thompson

he went to the uh circus

I lost my… where’s mommy going

Facial grimaces Head movements Loss of eye contact Body movements

Avoidance fillers, pretending to think, avoiding situations and people, appearing shy and quiet Emotional responses before speaking, fear of loss of speech control Emotional responses after stuttering, embarrassment, shame, anger,frustrataion

Neurological damage or disease Exposure to toxins

Equally disfluent across different speaking situations Secondary behaviours less common Negative emotional response less common

Psychological trauma, anxiety, depression other psychological disorder