Biological Explanations: Genetic and Neural Explanations
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Was Lange (1930) research a twin or an adoption study?
Twin
Was Crowe (1971) research a twin or an adoption study?
Adoption
What did Lange (1930) do?
• 13 MZ twins • 17 DZ twins • Each pair spent time in prison
What did Lange (1930) find?
• 10/13 MZ - 2/17 DZ twins
What did Crowe (1972) find?
Adopted children who had a biological parent with criminal record was 50% greater of risk of criminal record by 18
How many participants did Tiihonen et al (2014) study?
About 900 offenders
What did Tiihonen ey al (20014) reveal?
Two genes associated with violent crime
What are the two genes associated with violent crime?
• MAOA gene - CDH-13
What does the MAOA gene control?
Serotonin and dopamine and is linked to aggressive behaviour
What is the CDH-13 gene linked to?
Substance abuse and attention deficit disorder
How many times more likely is a person to have a history of violent disorder if associated with CDH-13 and MAOA?
13
What is the diathesis-stress model?
An individual is genetically vulnerable to a disorder but it is environmentally (i.e stress) triggered
What does someone lack of if they have antisocial personality disorder (ADP)?
Lack of empathy and emotional responses
What type of genes are CDH-13 and MAOA?
Candidate gene
What is a candidate gene?
A gene or set of genes which are associated with a certain type of disorder
What do most participants have in research of neural explanation?
ADP
What part of the brain is linked with ADP?
Prefrontal cortex
What happens if less activity in prefrontal cortex?
Less emotional regulation
Who studied into the ADP and the prefrontal cortex?
Raine et al (2000)
What did Raine et al (2000) find?
11% reduction in grey matter in prefrontal cortex of people with ADP compared to control group
What does the prefrontal cortex regulate?
Emotional behaviour
What do the mirror neurons in the brain control?
Empathy