unit 6 hard test
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direction of electricity in the septal vector
right to left
direction of electricity in the free wall
high to low
direction of electricity in the basal wall
low to high
what does the atrial vector create
the p wave
what are the causes of axis deviation
normal, MI (away), hypertrophy (towards), dysrhythmias, pregnancy/obesity (left), pulmonary problems (right), hemiblocks
right bundle branch block shape and causes
RSR’, wide qrs, normal or heart disease
left bundle branch block shapes and causes
RS, QS, wide qrs, severe heart diease
what is a hemiblock. qrs characteristic
a block in one of the fascicles of the LBB. does not cause a prolonged qrs
left anterior hemiblock
causes left axis deviation. more common
left posterior hemiblock
causes right axis deivation
when are hemiblocks concerning
when they are associated with RBBB
right ventricular hypertrophy characteristics
tall R wave in V1 that is bigger than the S wave, RAD, inverted T wave
right ventricular hypertrophy cause
chronic lung disease
left ventricular hypertrophy characteristic
R wave in v5/6 plus S wave in v1 is greater than 35 mm.
left ventricular hypertrophy cause
hypertension
what are the clinical implications of hypertrophy
increased oxygen demands by enlarged ventricle increasing the likelihood of ischemia
what is a STEMI
ST elevation MI. MI in the full thickness of the myocardium
what is a NSTEMI
non-ST elevation MI. MI in partial thickness of myocardium.
how is a NSTEMI determined
characterized by the same EKG changes as ischemia, lab work and imaging must be done
what indicates ischemia on an EKG
inverted T wave or ST segment depression
what indicates injury on an EKG
ST segment elevation
what indicates infarction on an EKG
significant q waves
changes of ST segment in V2 to V4 indicate
anterior STEMI, left anterior descending
changes in lead 2, 3, and aVF indicate
inferior STEMI, right coronary artery