Reactivity 1.1
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In terms of kinetic energy, define temperature
The average kinetic energy of the particles
State the units used to measure heat
Joule OR J
During a chemical reaction, state the name of the contents inside the reaction vessel
System
During a chemical reaction, state the name of the contents outside the reaction vessel
Surroundings
Describe the transfer of matter and energy during a chemical reaction in an open system
Both energy and matter can be exchanged with the surroundings
Describe the transfer of matter and energy during a chemical reaction in a closed system
Mass cannot be exchanged with the surroundings, although energy can be exchanged with the surroundings
Describe the transfer of matter and energy during a chemical reaction in an isolated system
Both energy and matter cannot be exchanged with the surroundings
In terms of energy transfer, define an exothermic reaction
Heat energy is transferred from the system to the surroundings during a chemical reaction
In terms of energy transfer, define an endothermic reaction
Heat energy is transferred from the surroundings to the system during a chemical reaction
Describe how the temperature of the surroundings changes during an exothermic chemical reaction
Increases
Describe how the temperature of the surroundings changes during an endothermic chemical reaction
Decreases
State the symbol given to enthalpy
H - must be capital
State the symbol given to enthalpy change
ΔH - must be a capital
State the name of the term that is the total amount of chemical energy in a set amount of a chemical substance
Enthalpy
State the units of measurement for enthalpy
kJ mol⁻
Describe how the temperature of the system changes during an exothermic chemical reaction
Decreases
Describe how the temperature of the system changes during an endothermic chemical reaction
Increases
Describe the enthalpy change during an exothermic reaction
Enthalpy change is negative
Describe the enthalpy change during an endothermic reaction
Enthalpy change is positive
Describe the difference in potential energy between reactants and products during an exothermic reaction
The reactants have higher potential energy than the products
Describe the difference in potential energy between reactants and products during an endothermic reaction
The reactants have lower potential energy than the products
State the name of the label for the y-axis of an energy profile diagram
Potential energy
State the name of the label for the x-axis of an energy profile diagram
Reaction coordinate
In terms of bonds, describe a transition state
A stage of the reaction where all chemical bonds are both partially broken and formed