Module 6: Chapter 27 (Amines, Amino Acids and Polymers)
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What are amines?
Organic compounds based on ammonia where 1 or more ammonia H-atoms have been replaced by a carbon chain or ring
What are aliphatic amines?
Have straight or branched carbon chains, or non aromatic rings joined to the N-atom e.g. H-(H-)N-CH3
What are aromatic amines?
Have at least one aryl group (aromatic ring) attached to the N-atom, e.g. a benzene ring
What is the ammonia molecule?
NH3 • pyramidal • bond angle of 107 degrees (lone pair repels more than the bonded pairs)
What is a primary amine?
An organic compound with an N atom bonded to 1 alkyl or aryl groups
What is a secondary amine?
An organic compound with an N atom bonded to 2 alkyl or aryl groups
What is a tertiary amine?
An organic compound with an N atom bonded to 3 alkyl or aryl groups
How do you name primary amines when the -NH2 is at the END of the chain?
Alkyl group as the prefix and “-amine” as the suffix
What is the systematic name for CH3NH2?
Methylamine
What is the systematic name for CH3CH2CH2NH2?
Propylamine
What is the systematic name for C6H5NH2?
Phenylamine
How do you name primary amines when the -NH2 is NOT at the end of the chain?
‘placement of NH2 in carbon chain - amino’ as the prefix and the name of the longest carbon chain as an alkane as the suffix
What is the systematic name for CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH3?
2-aminobutane
What is the systematic name for H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2?
1,4-diaminobutane
What is the systematic name for CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH2NH2?
1,2-diaminobutane
How do you name secondary amines with one -NH group?
Di-alkyl group as prefix and then ‘amine as suffix
How you name tertiary amines with one N?
Tri-alkyl group as a prefix and then ‘amine’ as a suffix
What is the systematic name for (CH3CH2CH2)2N-H?
Dipropylamine
What is the systematic name for (C6H5)2N-H?
Diphenylamine
What is the systematic name for (CH3CH2CH2)3N?
Tripropylamine
What is the systematic name for (C6H5)3N?
Triphenylamine
How do you name secondary and tertiary amines with mixed R groups?
• giving the longest carbon chain the suffix of amine (e.g. propylamine) • giving the shorter chain(s) as N-prefix in alphabetical order (e.g. N-ethyl-N-methyl) N-ethyl-N-methylpropylamine
What is the ionic equation of ammonia being added to an acid?
NH3 + H+ -> NH4+
What is the shape of an ammonium ion?
Tetrahedral 109.5 bond angle