Chapter 3
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What are the key components of the Sermon on the Mount?
Beatitudes, instructions on behavior, love, prayer, ethical principles, and the Golden Rule.
What is the Golden Rule?
“Do to others as you would have them do to you”; principle of mutuality and ethical reciprocity.
What is the Love Commandment?
Love your neighbor as yourself; emphasizes continuity with Hebrew ethical tradition.
What is holiness?
Being set apart, reflecting God’s character, and living in right relationship with God and others; integrates ethics, love, and justice.
What is chesed?
God’s steadfast, covenantal love and mercy toward humanity; models how humans should act with love, loyalty, and justice.
What is agapé?
Unconditional, divine, or holy love; the love Christians are called to show toward God and others.
What is philia?
Brotherly or sisterly love; friendship and affection among peers, family, and community.
What is philostorgos?
Mutual, natural, or kinship love; affection grounded in relationships or family bonds.
What is the Love Chapter principle?
Love is the highest ethical virtue, surpassing all others, forming the foundation for Christian ethical life.
What are the Counsels of Perfection?
Higher-level ethical instructions for those seeking spiritual perfection; distinct from baseline commands that all Christians follow.
What is analogy of Scripture?
.Analogy of Scripture means that Scripture interprets Scripture — the clearer parts of the Bible should be used to help understand the more difficult or unclear parts.
What are challenges in interpreting Jesus’ ethics today?
Differences in historical context, literary style, and sociocultural norms; need to assess timelessness vs. context-specific application.
What is literal/absolute interpretation?
Reading teachings at face value; sometimes led to pacifist traditions.
What is nuanced interpretation?
Nuanced interpretation means understanding something with subtlety, depth, and attention to context rather than taking it at face value or in a black-and-white way.
What is figurative/symbolic interpretation?
Figurative or symbolic interpretation looks beyond the surface to find the spiritual or moral meaning behind the words.
What is principle-based interpretation?
Focuses on ethical principles rather than rigid rules; allows contextual application.
What is the dispensationalist approach?
History divided into eras with unique covenants; some teachings apply only in future dispensation.
What was Paul’s general ethical outlook?
Ethics guided by faith, love, freedom, and the Holy Spirit; focuses on virtues to cultivate and vices to avoid.
What is the Old Perspective on Paul?
Salvation by grace through faith alone; law instructs moral and civil living; good works do not earn salvation.
What is the New Perspective on Paul?
Continuity with Judaism; good works inseparable from faith; salvation enabled by grace; covenant conditional on faithful response.
What are Paul’s core ethical themes?
Faith working through love, freedom with responsibility, law of love as ethical foundation, virtues guided by the Spirit.
What types of moral responsibility exist in Christianity?
Spiritual → toward God; Individual → toward others; Social → collective/community responsibility.
What does the Sheep & Goats parable teach?
True disciples act with compassion (feed hungry, care for sick, welcome strangers); moral responsibility is active, not passive.
What is the central principle of Christian ethics?
Love God and neighbor; integrates holiness, righteousness, justice, and compassion.