Lesson 3 Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise
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What is cardiac output?
• amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute
What is the equation of cardiac output?
Q = HR x SV
What is the avg cardiac output for men and women at rest?
5 L/min for men 4L/min for women
How much does cardiac output increase during maximal exercise?
increases to 35-40 L/min
What is stroke volume?
• the amount of blood ejected from left ventricle during single contraction
What is the stroke volume equation?
SV = EDV - ESV
What are EDV and ESV?
ESV: amount of blood ejected during singular contraction of left ventricle EDV: amount of blood left in left ventricle after ventricular contraction
What is systolic blood pressure?
• pressure in circulatory system against the walls of the blood vessels during ventricular systole
What is diastolic blood pressure?
• pressure in circulatory system during ventricular diastole
What is mean arterial pressure?
avg perfusion pressure delivered to organs
How much must mean arterial pressure be maintained to sustain adequate flow to tissues?
60 mmHg
What is the normal range of mean arterial pressure?
70-110 mmHg
What is rate pressure product and what can it be used for?
index of myocardial oxygen consumption can be used to prescribe safe exercise zones in people with high blood pressure
What is the equation for rate pressure product?
RPP = HR x Systolic blood pressure
What is a-vO2 difference?
• difference between oxygen content of arterial and venous blood
What happens to a-vO2 difference during exercise? Why?
• greater difference as tissue needs to take in much more oxygen during exercise
How does cardiac output change during exercise?
increases significantly to meet oxygen demand due to increase in HR and SV
What does the sympathetic nervous system do in terms of HR?
• increases HR and force of contraction
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do in terms of HR?
• signals vagus nerve to decrease the HR
What are the receptors that help in feedback during exercise?
mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and baroreceptors
What is the influence of central input of the medulla on exercise?
• peripheral input and central motor command integrated in this location the thought of activity can increase HR alone
What triggers the initial increase in HR during exercise?
• reduced PNS activity • activation of cerebral cortex in anticipation of exercise • activation of mechanoreceptors
How is HR fine tuned during exercise?
• SNS activation • input from chemoreceptors • input from baroreceptors
What is heart rate variability?
variation in time from one heartbeat to the next