Unit 3: Exercise Physiology
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What are the principle structures of the ventilatory system? (9)
• nose • mouth • pharynx • larynx • trachea • bronchi • bronchioles • lungs • alveoli
Nose and Mouth
breath oxygen rich air into system
Pharynx (throat)
branches to form esophagus
Trachea (2)
• carries air into your lungs • tube from larynx to bronchi that conveys air
Larynx
upper opening into trachea that contains muscles, cartilages, and vocal cords
Bronchi
passageways that connect the trachea and lungs
Bronchioles
smaller branches of bronchi that increase surface area for gas exchange
Alveoli
small air sacs where gas exchange happens
What parts of the respiratory system contribute to the conduction of airways? (3)
• nasal/oral passages • trachea • bronchi
What is the overall function of conducting airways? (3)
• low resistance path for air • warming, moistening of the air • air filtration by lining
What is the function of the nose as a conducting airway?
humidifies and filters entering air
What is the function of the pharynx as a conducting airway?
a low resistance path for airflow into the larynx and then trachea
What is the function of the larynx (voicebox) as a conducting airway?
protects trachea from invasion of foods and fluids
What is the diaphragm?
a muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals
What is the function of the diaphragm?
its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and inflates the lungs for breathing
What does pulmonary ventilation mean?
breathing
How does air move?
from high to low pressure
Respiratory Cycle
one sequence of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration (2)
• inhalation • air moves into the lungs
Expiration (2)
• exhalation • moves air out the lungs
What happens during inspiration at rest? (3)
• diaphragm contracts • external intercostal muscles contract • lung volume increases and air pressure decreases —> air moves into lungs
What happens as the diaphragm contracts during inspiration at rest?
it moves inferiorly, creating a larger cavity
What happens as the external intercostal muscles contract during inspiration at rest?
it moves the ribs up and out, causing the rib cage to expand
What happens during exhalation at rest? (3)
• diaphragm relaxes • external intercostal muscles relax • lung volume decreases and air pressure increases —> air moves out lungs