1.3 The periodic table
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How are the elements listed and approximately how many are there?
They are listed in the periodic table and there are approximately 100
Elements can be classified into two groups based on their properties; what are these groups?
Metals and non-metals
Compare the properties of metals and non-metals
Metals: High melting/boiling point, high heat/electrical conductivity, high density, shiny, malleable, form basic oxides Non-metals: Low melting/boiling point, low heat/electrical conductivity, low density, dull, brittle, form acidic oxides
What is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal?
An ionic compound (made of positive and negative ions).
What is formed when a non-metal reacts with a non-metal?
A molecular compound containing covalently bonded atoms. Atoms share electrons, as opposed to transferring electrons between each other (ionic compounds).
What are the columns of the periodic table called?
Groups
What are the rows of the periodic table called?
Periods
Are elements in the same group similar or different?
They may have similar chemical properties, as they have the same number of outer shell electrons.
In terms of energy levels, what are the differences between elements of the same period?
They have the same number of energy levels
Electrons occupy particular energy levels, with each electron in an atom at a particular energy level; which available energy level do electrons occupy?
The lowest available energy level
What are the elements of Group 0 known as?
The noble gases
What makes the periodic table periodic?
Similar properties of elements occur at regular intervals
Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell; what does this tell us about their chemical properties?
They have similar chemical properties
In terms of shells, what is the difference between elements in the same period?
They have the same number of shells
What change in shell number is seen as you move down a group?
The number of shells increases
How were early periodic tables ordered?
By the order of their atomic masses
What discovery explained why the order of atomic masses was not always correct?
Isotopes
How did Mendeleev overcome problems when creating the periodic table?
By leaving gaps for undiscovered elements
How did Mendeleev order the elements of the periodic table?
By atomic mass and similar properties
What are the majority of elements?
Metals
What elements react to form positive ions?
Metals
What elements do not react to form positive ions?
Non-metals
What are elements in Group 1 known as?
The alkali metals
State three characteristics of the alkali metals
-All have one electron in their outer shell -Low density -Stored in oil (to prevent reactions with oxygen or water) -Soft (can be cut with a knife)