24.1 D-Block Elements
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Where are the d block elements found?
Between group 2 and group 13 of the periodic table
Typical properties of d block elements
High MP and BP Shiny Conduct electricity and heat
Uses of Copper
Coins Electrical cables Water pipes
Uses of Zinc and Nickel
Coins
Uses of Titanium
Aerospace industry Joint replacement Cosmetic dentistry
Uses of Iron
Construction Production of tools
4s and 3d subshell
3d subshell has greater energy 4s orbital fills first 4s orbital empties first
Transition elements
D block elements that form at least one ion with a partially filled d orbital
D block elements that are not transition elements
Zinc Scandium
Ion formed by Scandium
Sc3+
Ion formed by Zinc
Zn2+
Properties of transition elements
Can have different oxidation states Form coloured compounds Elements and compounds can act as catalysts
Oxidation states across transition elements
Increases until Manganese and then decreases
Which ion do all transition elements form?
2+
Potassium Dichromate (VI) colour
Bright orange
Cobalt (II) Chloride colour
Pink-purple
Hydrated Copper (II) Sulfate colour
Blue
Iron (II) colour
Pale green
Iron (III) colour
Yellow
Cr (III) colour
Green
Cr (VI) colour
Yellow or orange
Haber process & catalyst
N2 + 3H2 >< 2NH3 Iron
Contact process & catalyst
2SO2 + O2 >< 2SO3 Vanadium (V) Oxide, V2O5
Hydrogenation catalyst
Nickel