Chapter 8
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The plot of ln [A] vs. time is linear for a ____ order reaction. For second order reaction,_______ is linear. For a zero order reaction,____ varies linearly with time. The rate constant is the absolute value of the slope of the _____ _____ ____ _____
first, 1/[A], [A] best line of fit
Which of the following statements is true regarding a first order reaction? A. The half-life of a first order reaction increases with increasing initial concentration of the reactant. B. The half-life is dependent of the initial concentration of the reactant. C. The half-life is independent of the initial concentration of the reactant. D. The rate constant of a first order reaction increases with time. E. The rate of a first order reaction increases with time.
C
What are the units for zero, first, second, and third order?
zero: M1 x s1 first: s-1 second: M-1 x S-1 third: M-2 x s-1
What components of the rate law must be determined experimentally? What does not appear in the rate law?
M and n products
Describe the relationships between half life and concentration for zero, first, and second order
zero - half life and concentration are inversely related first = half life is independent of the concentration second = half life and concentration are inversely related
Identify where enthalpy and transition state are found on a reaction coordinate diagram If reactants are higher than the products in the diagram, what kind of reaction is it? Vice versa?
enthalpy - space between reactants and products transition state - humps if the reactants are higher than the products, this means that the reaction is exothermic, meaning it will release energy If reactants are lower than the products, the reaction is endothermic = absorb energy
How do you find the rate determining step on a reaction coordinate diagram?
find the hump with the largest activation energy
Catalysts are present in both the ____ and ____ of a reaction because they do not get ______.
reactants, products, consumed
T/F - Catalysts will lower activation energy to reach equilibrium faster by shifting equilibrium reactions and changing energy levels.
FALSE
Collision Theory
1 - both molecules must collide 2 - both need to collide with as much energy for the reaction to happen; ie overcome Ea 3 - neet to collide with correct 3D orientation
Describe the relationship between Ea and reaction rate
Ea and reaction rate are inversely related