Adrenal function
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When considering an endocrine cause for a patient’s hypertension, the _____ _____ is the usual suspect.
Adrenal gland
When hypertension results from an endocrine disorder, what hormonal state is usually found: hormone underproduction or overproduction?
Overproduction
True or false? Major warning signs of adrenal disease include abnormal blood pressure, abnormal electrolytes (potassium, acid–base status, urine dilution), and unexplained weight change.
True
_____ is the common substrate from which all adrenal steroids are produced
Cholesterol
True or false? When produced, free catecholamines (NE and EPI) are shortlived. They are best measured in the urine, though catecholamine metabolites are best measured in the serum.
False
. _____ is responsible for epinephrine production.
Cortisol
• A primary hyperaldosteronemic state is characterized by: a. A urine potassium of 35 mmol/d b. A urine potassium of 21 mmol/d c. A spot urine test where the sodium levels are greater than potassium levels d. Within 3 hours of taking 50 mg of captopril, plasma aldosterone was low e. All of the above are characteristic of hypoaldosteronism
a. A urine potassium of 35 mmol/d
During a low-dose (1 mg) dexamethasone suppression test, total cortisol levels measured in a patient at 8:35 AM was 2.8 μg/dL. How is this interpreted? a. The patient is normal. b. The patient has Cushing’s syndrome. c. The patient has a nonpituitary tumor causing ectopic ACTH syndrome. d. The patient has an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma.
a. The patient is normal.
The most biologically active androgen in this list is: a. DHEA b. DHEA-S c. LH d. FSH e. Estrone
e. Estrone
Which amino acid is needed for the biosynthesis of norepinephrine and epinephrine? a. Alanine b. Phenylalanine c. Isoleucine d. Leucine e. Serine
b. Phenylalanine
Which of the following describes catecholamines? a. Hydrophobic b. Degraded rapidly in nonneuronal cells by monoamine reductase c. Have long half-lives d. Circulating blood catecholamines are 99% bound to albumin. e. None of the above accurately describes catecholamines.
e. None of the above accurately describes catecholamines.
The collection of a 24-hour urine is used for measuring: a. Creatinine clearance b. Norepinephrine c. Dopamine d. All of the above may be measured in a 24-hour urine e. All but one of the above may be measured in a 24-hour urine
e. All but one of the above may be measured in a 24-hour urine