The Respiratory System
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What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange (oxygen intake and carbon dioxide release)
What are the two requirements for gas exchange
Large surface area and a moist environment
Why does a moist environment maximize efficiency of gas exchange?
Gases dissolve in water, diffusion is more effective
What are the four stages of respiration
Breathing (ventilation), External respiration, internal respiration, cellular respiration
What happens in ventilation
Air enters the lungs
What happens in external respiration
Oxygen from the lungs moves into the bloodstream
What happens in internal respiration
Oxygen in bloodstream enters the body’s cells
Cellular respiration
Oxygen is used to help produce energy for the body
Components of the upper respiratory tract
Nasal passages, pharynx, epiglottis, glottis, larynx, and trachea
Role of nasal passage
warms, moistens, and filters incoming air
Role of ciliated cells lining the nasal passage
It sweeps foreign substances back by grabbing onto foreign particles and releasing them when breathing out
Role of mucus in nasal passage
Traps foreign substances and moistens incoming air
What warms incoming air in nasal passage
blood vessels
What is the pharynx also known as
throat
Role of pharynx
passageway for air and food
Role of epiglottis
Flap on top of the trachea that ensures food doesn’t enter it
What is the glottis
opening from pharynx to larynx
What is larynx made up of
Cartilage and contains vocal cords
What is the trachea commonly known as
windpipe
Structure of the trachea
contains semicircular cartilaginous arches that keep it open
Components of lower respiratory tract
Lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
What is the difference in structure between bronchi and brochioles
bronchi have c-shaped cartilaginous rings, bronchioles doesn’t
Where does the respiratory system end
alveoli
Role of double layered pleural membrane surrounding the lungs
Act as a shock absorber, protects the lungs