UNIT 3: Week 2 Content
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What is ficks equation
-VO2 = (HR x SV) x (CaO2 - CvO2)
What is ficks equation used for
-formula used to calculate the oxygen consumption of a body tissue
What is the arterio-venous difference
-amount of oxygen extracted at the tissue during aerobic production of ATP
What is the a-vO2 difference at rest
-about 5 mL O2 extracted
What is the a-vO2 difference during exercise
-about 15 mL O2 extracted
What happens to systolic blood pressure during cardiorespiratory exercise
-increases linearly with exercise intensity
What happens to diastolic blood pressure during cardiorespiratory exercise
-remains relatively unchanged or slightly decreases (10 mmHg)
Why does diastolic BP stay the same during exercise
-there is vasodilation which lowers resistance on arterial walls
What are factors affecting systolic BP response
-increased cardiac output and vasoconstriction to non-exercising vascular beds
What are factors affecting diastolic BP response
-vasodilation at exercising vascular beds
What are factors that can affect post exercise hypotension
-sudden decrease in venous return -skeletal muscle pump stops
How can post exercise hypotension be minimized
-progressive cool down -keep skeletal muscle and respiratory pump going
Why do both systolic and diastolic BP increase during isometric exercise
-reduced muscle pump -reduced respiratory pump (static breath holding) -this limits circulation of blood and builds pressure
What are some factors that affect BP response during isotonic exercise
-amount of active muscle mass -intensity of exercise -breath holding while straining
Why does amount of active muscle mass affect BP during isotonics
-larger muscle groups increase it more -legs increases it more than arms etc
How may BP increases be minimized in isotonic exercise
-small muscle mass exercises -submaximal intensities -regular breathing
Why would you want to minimize BP increases during isotonics
-for people who already have BP problems
What are previous conceptions about resisted exercise for people with hypertension
-should completely avoid
What are some new findings about resistance exercise for people with hypertension
-BP increases are comparable between submax cardioresp and isotonic exercises -new studies recommend these are first line interventions for people with hypertension
How can you prescribe submaximal intensities to clients
-use RPE
What is a recent finding about small muscle mass exercise effects on BP
-BP increases are comparable between isometric and isotonic exercises when small muscle masses are being compared
What does the evidence about small muscle mass exercises mean for patients
-some people do not like to do arm curls for example -doing gripping exercises could have the same effect for their hypertension
What is disuse muscle atrophy
-episodes of inactivity following illness/injury leads to loss of muscle size -greater in aged/unwell people -occurs initially rapidly then decreases over time
What is frailty
-an age-related physiological decline -often results in a lower functional capacity than baseline, increasing risk of future stressors