Quizlet

The speed at which reactants are made to products

concentration of reactants pressure of gases surface area temperature catalysts

Chemical reactions can occur only when reacting particles collide with eachother with sufficient energy

the higher the temperature the faster the reaction As the temperature increases kinetic energy of the particles increases, also they move faster so they collide more frequently

If the concentration increases the reaction will be faster If there are more reactants there will be more frequent collisions

If one of the reactants is a solid, then breaking it into smaller pieces will increase its surface area to volume ratio This means that for the same volume of the solid, the particles around it will have more area to work on - so there will be collisions more frequently

They do this by decreasing the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur They do this by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy

When the products can react to form the reactants again

Their concentration fall so the forward reaction will slow down but as more and more products are made and thier rise, the backward reaction will speed up

The point at which the rates of the forward and backward reactions in a reversible reaction are the same, and so the amounts of reactants and products in the reaction container dont change

If the reversible reaction takes place in a closed system which means that none of the reactants or products can escape and nothing else can get in

Temperature pressure concentration

In reversible reactions, if the reaction is endothermic in one direction it will be exothermic in the other The energy transferred from the surroundings by the endothermic reaction is equal to the energy transferred to the surroundings during the exothermic reaction

The idea that if you change the conditions of a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the system will counteract the change It can be used to predict the effect of any changes you make to a reaction system

If you decrease the temperature, the equilibrium will move in the exothermic direction to produce more heat. This means you’ll get more products for the exothermic reaction and fewer products for the endothermic reaction. If you increase the temperature the equilibrium will move in the endothermic direction to try to decrease it. You’ll now get more products for the endothermic reaction and fewer products for the exothermic reaction.

Changing the pressure only affects the an equilibrium involving gases If you increase the pressure, the equilibrium tries to reduce it If you decrease the pressure, the equilibrium will try to increase it

If you change the concentration of either the reactants or the products, the system will no longer be at equilibrium. So the system responds to bring itself back to equilibrium again. If you increase the conc of the reactants, the system tries to decrease it by making more products and vice versa

Any compound that is formed from carbon and hydrogen atoms only

Alkanes are the simplest type of hydrocarbon you can get, they have the general formula CnHn+2 They are a homologous series they are saturated compounds