Exam 2 - Module 7 - Lesson Answers
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CNS
central nervous system
PNS
peripheral nervous system
ANS
autonomic nervous system
voluntary nervous system
somatic nervous system, it stimulates the contraction of the skeletal muscles
involuntary nervous system
autonomic nervous system (ANS). it stimulates the the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle(heart), and glands(sweat glands)
enteric nervous system
ENS is located in the digestive tract. responsible for digestive functions that occur independently of the brain and spinal cord
nuclei and ganglia
are composed of neuron cell bodies
tracts and nerves
are composed of axons (fibers)
nuclei and tracts
are located in the CNS central nervous system
ganglia and nerves
located in the PNS peripheral nervous systems
electrical impulses toward the neuron cell body
via dendrites
electrical impulses away from the neuron cell body
via the axon
afferent direction
toward the neuron = peripheral PNS to central CNS sensation on skin
efferent direction
away from the neuron = CNS to peripheral PNS brain sends signal to nerve to contract
three types of neurons
unipolar, bipolar, multipolar
unipolar neurons
have one process (fiber)
multipolar neurons
most common type, many processes, only one axon
bipolar neurons
(2 processes) occur in the retina of the eye
sensory neurons
unipolar carry electrical impulses in the afferent direction
motor neurons
multipolar / carry electrical impulses in the efferent direction
interneurons
occur entirely within the CNS and are usually mutipolar
type of cell that makes up the myelin sheath
schwann cells are wrapped around axons to form myelin sheaths
node of ranvier
areas of myelinated axon lacking a myelin sheath
what does multiple sclerosis (MS) target
targets the myelin sheaths of axons