Identifying Metal Halides with Silver Ions
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What reagent is used to test for halide ions in solution?
Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution
What do metal halides (except fluorides) form when they react with silver ions in aqueous silver nitrate?
They form a precipitate of insoluble silver halide (e.g = solid silver chloride)
Why does silver fluoride (AgF) not form a precipitate with silver nitrate?
This is because it is soluble in water
Why is dilute nitric acid added before silver nitrate in the halide test?
To remove carbonate (CO3 2-) and hydroxide impurities (OH-) that would interfere with the test
How is silver nitrate used to test for halide ions?
A few drops of silver nitrate is added to a test tube, and the colour of the silver halide precipitate indicates which halide is present
What is the ionic equation for the reaction between a halide ion and silver ion?
Ag+ (aq) + X- (aq) ⇒ AgX (s)
What result is seen when fluoride ions are tested with silver nitrate?
No precipitate forms with fluoride ions, and there are no further results on testing
What result is seen when chloride ions are tested with silver nitrate, and what happens when reacting with ammonia?
Chloride ions produce a white precipitate of silver chloride, which dissolves readily in dilute ammonia, but also dissolves in concentrated ammonia
What result is seen when bromide ions are tested with silver nitrate, and what happens when reacting with ammonia?
Bromide ions produce a cream precipitate of silver bromide, which dissolves in concentrated ammonia but not in dilute ammonia
What result is seen when iodide ions are tested with silver nitrate, and what happens when reacting with ammonia?
Iodide ions produce a pale yellow precipitate of silver iodide, which is insoluble in both diluted/concentrated ammonia
What happens to silver chloride when dilute /concentrated ammonia is added?
It dissolves readily in dilute ammonia, but also dissolves in concentrated ammonia
What happens when silver bromide reacts with concentrated ammonia?
Silver bromide dissolves in the concentrated ammonia
What happens when silver iodide reacts with dilute/concentrated ammonia?
Silver iodide is insoluble in both diluted/concentrated ammonia
What colour precipitate is formed when chloride ions (Cl-) react with silver nitrate (AgNO3)?
White precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl)
What colour precipitate is formed when bromide ions (Br-) react with silver nitrate (AgNO3)?
Cream precipitate of silver bromide (AgBr)
What colour precipitate is formed when iodide ions (I-) react with silver nitrate (AgNO3)?
Yellow precipitate of silver iodide (AgI)
Why is concentrated ammonia sometimes added after silver nitrate in the halide test?
This is to help distinguish between silver bromide and silver iodide, because their colours are similar and ammonia helps to distinguish between them
How can you distinguish between silver bromide and silver iodine?
Add concentrated ammonia solution which will make silver bromide dissolve, whereas silver iodide does not dissolve
Draw out a table fully outlining each of the reactions of silver ions with silver nitrate (AgNO3) and diluted/concentrated ammonia?
Compare your table to kerboodle textbook