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WHEN DID BERLIN WALL FALL ?
1989 REPRESENT TWO ECO - CAPITALIST AND SOCIALIST 8 EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES replaced there govt. - from communist
when did berlin wall was built ?
1961 - 150 km long wall stood for 28 years broken in : 9 November 1989.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) came into being after the
socialist revolution in - 1917 ideals of socialism, as opposed to capitalism, and the need for an egalitarian society
what is Second World or the ‘socialist bloc
After the Second World War, the east European countries that the Soviet army had liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in
1979
Mikhail Gorbachev, who had become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in
1985 sought to reform
A coup took place in ……… that was encouraged by Communist Party hardliners after mikhail gorbachev reform failure .
1991 by boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero in opposing this coup. • Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralised control.*
In…………., under the leadership of Yeltsin, ………………………, three major republics of the USSR, declared that the Soviet Union was disbanded.
dec 1991 russia ukraine and belarus ** The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was banned. **
after disintegration of soviet what formation left asian powers in shocked ?
formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
which country was successor of ussr ?
Russia It inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council. only nuclear state of the postSoviet space
why soviet disintegrate ?
1.internal weaknesses of Soviet political and economic institutions and stagnation , which failed to meet the aspirations of the people. 2. lack of democracy why ? its resources in maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal and the development of its satellite states in Eastern Europe and within the Soviet system (the five Central Asian Republics in particular).
immediate cause of soviet disintegration
various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Ukraine, Georgia, and others proved to be the final and most immediate cause for the disintegration of the USSR.
baltic republics includes
estonia latvia lithuania
when did independence movement begins in Lithuania; later spreads to Estonia and Latvia
1988
Soviet Union declares that the Warsaw Pact members are free to decide their own futures; Berlin Wall falls in November
1989 oct
when did Gorbachev strips the Soviet Communist Party of its 72-year-long monopoly on power by calling on the Soviet parliament (Duma) to permit multiparty politics?
1990 February
Lithuania becomes the first of the 15 Soviet republics to declare its independence
1990 march
** Russian parliament** declares its independence from the Soviet Union
1990
Yeltsin, no longer in the Communist Party, becomes the President of Russia.
1991,june
Three Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania become UN members (later join NATO in March 2004)
1991, september
Gorbachev resigns as the President of the Soviet Union; the end of the Soviet Union
25 dec, 1991
Russia, Belarus and Ukraine decide to annul the Treaty on ……………… to form commonwealth of independent states
the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and establish the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan join the CIS (Georgia joins later in 1993); Russia takes over the USSR seat in the United Nations
Mikhail Gorbachev(Born 1931) Last leader of the Soviet Union (1985-91)
1.policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness) 2.withdrew Soviet troops from Afghanistan and eastern Europe 3.unification of Germany.
Boris Yeltsin (Born 1931)
1.The first elected President of Russia (1991- 1999). 2. was made the Mayor of Moscow by Gorbachev