Topic 1 - Key Concepts in Chemistry
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Balance: Fe + Cl2 -> FeCl3
2Fe + 3Cl2 -> 2FeCl3
What is a hazard?
Anything that has the potential to cause harm or damage
What is an oxidising substance?
A substance which provides oxygen which allows other materials to burn more fiercly
Give an example of an oxidising substance?
Liquid oxygen
What is the oxidising symbol?
A ball on fire
What is a harmful substance?
A substance that can cause irritation, reddeing or blistering of the skin
Give an example of a harmful substance?
Bleach
What is the harmful symbol?
An exclamation mark
What did John Dalton describe atoms as?
Solid spheres
What is the mass of an electron?
0.0005
What does the nuclear symbol of an atom tell you?
The atomic number and mass number
What are isotopes?
Different forms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutorns
What is relative atomic mass?
The average mass of one atom of the element, compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12
What is the important details in the RAM definiton?
Average mass one atom compared to mass one atom carbon-12
How can you calculate isotopic abundances?
Multiply each RIM by its isotopic abundance and add up all the results Divide by the sum of the abundances
Boron has two isotopes, Boron-10 and Boron-11 Given that the relative abundance of Boron-10 and Boron-11 are 4 and 16, work out the RAM of Boron
(10x4)+(11x16) / (16+4) = 10.8
Bromine has an atomic number of 35 and has two stable isotopes Bromine-79 and Bromine-81 Given that 51% of bromine atoms are Bromine-79 and 49% are Bromine-81 Work out the RAM of bromine Give your answer to the nearest whole number
(.51x79)+(.49x81) = 79.98 = 80
What does each group represent?
Atoms with the same number of electrons in their outer shell
What does each period represent?
Atoms with the same number of shells
If elements are in the same group, what is similar about them?
Similar chemical properties
Based on its position in the periodic table, would you expect the chemical properties of potassium to be more similar to those of sodium or calcium? Explain your answer
Sodium as they are both in the same group (Group 1) and elements in the same group have similar chemical properties`
Give the electronic configuration of aluminium Atomic number = 13
2,8,3
In which group and period of the periodic table would you expect to find the element with the electronic configuration 2.8.8.2?
Group 2, Period 4
What are ions?
Charged particles