gene pools
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what is a gene pool?
sum of all the alleles in a population
sources of variation (genetic mutation)
introduces new alleles into the population ultimate source
sources of variation (meiosis)
random fertilisation Independent assortment crossing over recombination non disjunction
sources of variation (epigenetics)
modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code e.g pH and temp
mechanisms of variation
mutation sexual reproduction gene flow genetic drift (random) natural selection (suiting environment better than others)
gene flow
Transfer of genes between populations • immigrate (move in) • emigrate (move out) • changes allele frequencies due to reproduction
Genetic Drift (not natural selection, no favourable traits)
Process of random generational changes in allele proportions • greater effect in small populations • occur in small populations or due to catastrophic event
founder effect
few individuals more to a new area and become isolated • may not carry all the alleles present in original population • less genetic diversity