Group 7
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Properties
• diatomic • single covalent bond • form -1 ions
Reactivity down the group
• decreases • atomic radius increase • shielding increase • less readily reduced • worse oxidising agent
Mpt and bpt down the group
• increases • increased amount of electrons • increased dipole-dipole forces • more energy to overcome
Displacement reaction
• Cl2 displaces Br- and I- • Br2 displaces I- • I2 has no reaction • Br2 is yellow d
Br2 in aqueous solution
yellow
Br2 in hexane
orange
I2 in aqueous solution
orange-brown
I2 in hexane
violet
Disproportionation
element is simultaneously reduced and oxidised
Chlorine and water
Cl2(g) + H2O(l) ⇌ HCl(aq) + HClO(aq)
Chlorate ionisation
HClO + H2O ⇌ClO- + H3O+
Chlorate ions
ClO- kills bacteria
Chlorine and sodium hydroxide
2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) -> NaClO + NaCl + H2O
Sodium chlorate(I)
• NaClO • bleach • used in water treatment • bleaches paper and textiles
Benefits of water treatment
• kill disease-causing microorganisms • prevents growth of algae
Disadvantages of water treatment
• chlorine gas is toxic • chlorinated hydrocarbons are carcinogenic