1 Atomic Structure - Atomic Model
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Define atom
The smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as that element
Define element
A substance made of only one type of atom
Define compound
A substance made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together
Define molecule
A substance made of more than one atom chemically bonded together (can be atoms of the same type!)
Define mixture
A substance made of more than one thing not chemically bonded together
State the three subatomic particles
Protons, neutrons, electrons
State the masses of the subatomic particles
Protons: 1, neutrons: 1, electrons: 0
State the relative charges of the subatomic particles
Protons: +1, neutrons: 0, electrons: -1
How are the subatomic particles arranged in an atom? (3 marks)
Protons and neutrons in the nucleus, electrons orbiting in shells
What is the plum pudding model of the atom?
A ball of positive charge with negative electrons studded into it
What did the gold foil (Rutherford Scattering) experiment prove?
That atoms have dense nucleuses with a positive charge
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in an atom
What is the mass number of an atom?
The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number - atomic number
How are the electrons arranged in atoms?
Orbiting the nucleus in shells
How many electrons can go in the first shell?
2
How many electrons can go in the second and third shells?
8
What is an ion?
an atom which has lost or gained electron(s)
What are all substances made of?
Atoms
What is an isotope?
An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
Where are neutrons found?
In the nucleus
Where are protons found?
In the nucleus
Where are electrons found?
Orbiting the nucleus in shells
If an element has an atomic number of 6, what does this tell you about the atom?
There are 6 protons in the nucleus