Module 2- Teachers
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What do chemists call the forces which hold atoms together?
Bonds
What happens to outer electrons in a covalent bond?
There shared between two nuclei
What the definition of a covalent bond
The electrostatic attraction if two positive nuclei for a shared pair of electrons
What type of elements join together by covalent bonding?
Non-metal elements
How many atoms make up a diatomic molecule?
Two atoms
Name the 7 diatomic molecules?
Hydrogen, nitrogen, fluorine, oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine
Name the two types of covalent compounds?
Covalent network Covalent molecule
State the definition of a molecule
A group of non-metal atoms joined together
Is the nucleus of an atom positively or negatively charged?
It has a positive charge
What charge do electrons have
Electrons are negatively charged
Give the names (and charges) of the subatomic particles present in atoms.
protons (positive), neutrons (neutral) and electrons (negative)
Why is an atom neutral ?
It is neutral because the number of protons (or positive charge on nucleus) = number of electrons (or negative charges).
State the location and charge on a proton, neutron and electron.
Proton - one positive (in nucleus) Electron - one negative (outside nucleus) Neutron - neutral (in nucleus)
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is meant by the mass number?
This is the number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Can you state what is meant by the term isotope ?
Same atomic number or number of protons Different mass number or number of neutrons
What is meant by relative atomic mass?
This is the average mass of an element taking into account the number and proportions of each isotope
How are electrons arranged in an atom?
Electrons are arranged in energy levels. There are 2 electrons in the 1st energy level or 8 in the 2nd energy level
How many protons, electrons and neutrons in 23Na ?
11 protons 11 electrons 12 neutrons
What type of elements are conductors of electricity?
Metals elements and carbon
Do covalent compounds conduct electricity?
No. The do not conduct electricity as there are no charged particles which are free to move.
Why do atoms react together?
Atoms form bonds to reach a stale electron arrangement
In which state do metals conduct
Solid, molten or dissolved in water
What kind of bonding is present between non-metal atoms ?
Covalent bonding