Wk 4- Acids, Bases And Ph

Water biological systems: 2/? body weight Most biological reactions take place in water Water is vital to life Special properties due to b? structure

Waters special properties: Water molecules= ? Each molecule has ? and ? regions H2O H= partial ? charge 0= partial ? charge ? and ? ends are attracted to each other

Properties of water: Increased solubility = ? molecules Water = s? for ionic /polar substances Creates solution ~ Water = solvent Substance = s? Dissociation of ions = dissolved molecules

Properties of water: Reactivity - chemical reactions occur in water / ? bonds Increase heat capacity = small increase in temperature Lubrication = important component in m? Synovial ? and articulations

Molarity = atomic ? of atoms Measurement of substance concentration in solvent (water) Moles/litre = ?/l or M Milli mole= ?/l or mM Total measurement of number molecules in a solution Mass grams = atoms mass

Molarity calculations: Use the atomic mass to calculate molarity Glucose = C6 H12 O6 C= 12 (12x6=72) H= 1 (1x12=12) O=16(16x6 =96) = 180 1m solution glucose = ?g/l 1mm =18 mg/l

Acids = hy? + ? on ph scale Dissociate into ? ion and anions (-) Proton d? hydrochloric acid dissociates into ~ Hy? and ?

Bases: hy? (-) ? on the ph scale Dissociate into hy? ions (OH-) + cations (+) Hydroxide ions bind Hydrogen ions produce ? molecules Sodium hydroxide dissociates into N?+ and OH?

Salts: Salts dissociate into ions They do not contain hy?+ or hy? - Salts contain electrolytes

The ph scale : based on the concentration of h? ions in a solution 0 - 7 - 14 ? ? 0 scale = hy? ions + 14 scale = hy? ions - There is a ? fold increase between each number on the scale in either hydrogen/ hydroxide ions depending which end. Ph 4,5,6 ~ ph4= 100x more ? than ph6

Buffers: Regulate a? / b? balance Adjust the ? of solution Either add or removes Hydrogen ions Buffers in body fluid maintain ? = h? Blood ph = 7.35-7.?? Acidosis= ph v 7.?? Alkalosis=ph ^ 7.?5

Buffering systems: A major buffering system in the body is the Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer. If there is an increase in acidity bicarbonate ions are used to remove ?+ If there is a reduction in acidity carbonic acid can add ?+ Used to control the ?/? Regulation in the body