Chapter 4

Basic structural, functional unit of all living things. Smallest unit of life and the buildings blocks for all living things. 100 trillion cells in average human. Organelles: metabolism, production, transportation, secretion of substances.

Absorption of water and mineral ions It has a long extension that increases the surface area for absorption.

Main site of photosynthesis Many chloroplasts to capture as much as possible light.

Water and minerals transport transport from root to leaf. Dead, hollow, no end walls - no obstruction to flow of water and m ions.

Oxygen to all body cells Lack nucleus and organelles, contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen.

Fertilize egg in fertilization Special tail to help swim to egg cell.

Transmit electrical impulses to effectors like muscles. It has a very long axon, insulated by a myelin sheath to prevent leakages of impulses.

A group of cells working together to perform a particular task.

In trachea and bronchus, have cilia: make flicking movements to sweep out dust, bacteria and mucus to outside.

Lines inside mouth, many cells packed together. Secretes a continuous supply of mucus to maintain a moist environment in mouth.

Main component of nervous system. Composed of many long neurons/nerve cells: receive and transmit impulses very fast between the body and nervous system.

Soft tissues compose muscles - made of long muscle fibre cells that are made of contractile proteins, gives rise to muscles’ ability to contract.

Circulatory: pumps blood through blood vessels to body

Nervous system: controls the coordinating of information received from the sense organs.

Respiratory: breathe oxygen in so it can go into the blood stream, and CO2 removed from the body when exhale.

Digestive system: detoxification and production of bile.

Excretory system - filters blood and removes excess substances like water and metabolic waste like urea.

Shoot- produce food-convert energy in sunlight to chemical energy to use.

Reproductive: attract pollinators, aid in fertilization and therefor more plants, seeds and fruits.

Circulatory Digestive Muscular Skeletal Integumentary system: hair, nails, skin, sweat, oil glands. Lymphatic Endocrine Urinary Reproductive

Eukaryotic: - nucleus and membrane bounded organelles - chloroplasts - cell wall - large vacuole

Eukaryotic: - nucleus and membrane bounded organelles - enclosed by cell surface membrane - no cell wall - temporary vacuoles

Jelly-like Site for chemical reaction Mainly water: enzymes, salts, organelles, various organic molecules Physical structure for cell

Surround Separate from surroundings Controls entry/exit substances: oxygen, CO2, nutrients Selectively permeable