3.3.1 Introduction to organic chemistry
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Define empirical formula.
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule.
Define molecular formula.
Gives the actual number of atoms of each elements in a molecule
Define displayed formula.
Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
Define structural formula.
Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond
Define skeletal formula.
Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each carbon atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H.
Give the suffixes for: no double bonds, at least one double bond, an alcohol, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid.
ane, ene, ol, al, one, oic acid
Give the prefixes for: CH3 group, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, Cl group, Br group, I group
methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, chloro, bromo, iodo.
Define structural isomerism.
When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What is positional isomerism?
Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place
What is functional group isomerism?
Same atoms, different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms
What is chain isomerism?
Hydrocarbon chain organised differently eg. branched chains
Define stereoisomerism.
Same structural and molecular formula Different arrangement of atoms in space
What is E/Z isomerism and how are the E/Z isomers decided?
Caused by limited rotation about C=C double bonds If the two substituent groups with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond it is the Z isomer Different sides - E isomer