marine organisms
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name the three types of cell.
Animal Bacteria and plant cells.
Name the 4 organelles found in all animal cells.
nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
Name the 7 organelles found in all plant cells.
cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
what is cytoplasm?
the liquid part of the cell contained within the cell membrane. it is the part of the cell where chemical reactions occur such as protein synthesis.
what are mitochondria?
the organelles in which aerobic respiration occurs. They have an inner membrane which is protected by an outer membrane. the inner membrane is folded to give a larger surface area.
what is the nucleus?
the organelle which contains the genetic material of the cell in the form of the molecule DNA. the nucleus controls the overall activity of the cell.
what is the cell membrane?
the outer boundary of the cell. it controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
what are chloroplasts?
the green organelles found inside plant cells, they have 2 outer membranes and an inner set of membranes that contain chemicals such as chlorophyll to absorb light energy which they use to preform photosynthesis.
what is a permanent vacuole?
a vacuole consists of a membrane surrounding a watery solution known as sap.
what is the function of a permanent vacuole?
it has many functions including the storage of water, toxins, salts and coloured chemicals called pigments.
what is a cell wall?
a strong supportive cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane made by a carbohydrate called cellulose.
state the 4 organelles in bacteria cells.
cell wall (made of peptidoglycan), cell membrane, cytoplasm and DNA.
state the 2 types of reproduction.
asexual and sexual reproduction.
state the 3 different ways to reproduce asexualy.
fission, budding and fragmentation.
what is asexual reproduction?
a single organism creating genetically identical copies of its self.
what is sexual reproduction?
organisms producing male and female sex cells which fuse to create offspring with characteristics from both parents.
describe fission.
single-celled organisms, such as dinoflagellates , will often split into two identical daughter cells.
describe budding.
coral polyps and sea anemones can develop a small bud on the side of their bodies that develops into a new polyp eventually the new polyp separates completely to form a new organism.
describe fragmentation
part of the organism brakes away and develop into new identical copies of the parent organisms. some species of coral and echinoderms reproduce this way.
what is the main disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
no genetic diversity. Meaning they would all die if there was a change in environment.
what are some advantages of asexual reproduction?
it’s quick, only one organism is needed and because it’s quick the organism can cover a large area in a short time.
what is the name for a fertilized egg?
a zygote. which divides into more cells called an embryo.
what are the 2 types of sexual reproduction?
internal and external reproduction.
what is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?
genetic variation this means that if is a change in the environment or a new disease then some organisms may survive.