Cells & Batteries
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Energy from the sun is stored in sources. Name 5 sources of stored energy.
• Food • Wood • Coal • Oil products • Natural gas
What are cells and batteries?
They are things that STORE energy in the form of ELECTRICITY.
What is a cell?
It’s the SMALLEST WHOLE part of a battery.
What is a battery?
It’s a GROUP of cells.
Name 2 sources of stored energy in the form of electricity.
Cells and batteries.
Who invented the first cell?
Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist.
In what year was the first cell invented?
1792
In what year did Alessandro Volta invent the first battery?
1800
A battery is full of ….?
Chemicals.
What do the chemicals inside a battery make?
Electrical energy.
Describe the parts of a battery.
The cells have 2 ends called TERMINALS. One terminal is POSITIVE, the other NEGATIVE.
Describe how electrical energy travels inside a cell.
• The CHEMICALS inside a cell give off ELECTRICAL energy. • This electricity flows from the NEGATIVE terminal to the POSITIVE terminal. • It moves very quickly.
Explain how batteries make a torch work.
• When the torch is switched ON, the CHEMICALS inside the cells of the battery give off electrical energy. • This electricity flows from the NEGATIVE terminal to the POSITIVE terminal. • It moves very quickly through the LIGHT BULB, which lights up and then flows back to the first cell.
When does a cell not lose its energy?
If it is not CONNECTED to anything, the energy will not be transferred.
What is a circuit?
It is a SYSTEM that TRANSFERS electrical energy to where it is needed.
What is a system?
A system is made up of 2 or more parts. These parts work TOGETHER to do something useful.
What is an electrical system?
It is a CIRCUIT. A circuit is a SYSTEM that TRANSFERS electrical energy to where it is needed.
Create an electrical circuit and explain how it works.
Aim: To build an electrical circuit to make a light bulb shine. Materials: Cell, electrical wire, light bulb; light bulb holder, switch. HINT: Draw a sketch. How it works: • Starting at the NEGATIVE terminal of the cell, electricity flows to the POSITIVE terminal. • From the POSITIVE terminal is flows through the WIRE. • From the WIRE it flows through the LIGHT BULB. • As it moves THROUGH the light bulb, the bulb LIGHTS UP. • From the light bulb, energy flows through the WIRE back to the NEGATIVE terminal. • The cycle starts again. Conclusion: When the circuit is CLOSED, the light bulb shines. When the circuit is OPEN, the light bulb doesn’t shine. A circuit must be closed so that energy can flow through it. TAKE A LOOK AT DIAGRAM IN CLASSWORK / TEXTBOOK.
When will a light bulb in a circuit STOP shining?
When the energy is used up (i.e. the cell/battery is flat) OR when the circuit is broken.
What is a closed circuit?
A circuit is closed when it is CONNECTED and WORKING.
What is an open circuit?
If there is a BREAK in the circuit, it is called an open circuit or SHORT circuit.