1.1 Sytems Architecture
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What is a general purpose computer ?
a computer that is designed to be able to carry out many different tasks.
What is an application ?
A software program that allows a user to perform a specific task.
What is hardware ?
the physical components of the computer
What is software ?
the programs that run on a computer
What is the purpose of the CPU ?
• process data and instructions • control the rest of the computer system
What is the first step of the fetch - decode- execute cycle ?
memory address held in the PC is copied into the MAR.
What is the second step of the fetch - decode- execute cycle ?
address in the PC is then incremented by one.
What is the third step of the fetch - decode- execute cycle ?
processor sends a signal along the address bus to the memory address held in the MAR.
What is the fourth step of the fetch - decode- execute cycle ?
instruction/data held in that memory address is sent along the data bus to the MDR.
What is the fifth step of the fetch - decode- execute cycle ?
The instruction/data held in the MDR is copied into the CIR.
What is the sixth step of the fetch - decode- execute cycle ?
The instruction/data held in the CIR is decoded and then executed. Results of processing are stored in the ACC.
What is the seventh step of the fetch - decode- execute cycle ?
The cycle returns to step one
What are the six main components of the CPU ?
control unit (CU) arithmetic logic unit (ALU) registers cache buses clock
What is the Control Unit ?
The component of the CPU that manages instructions.
What is the ALU ?
performs arithmetic and logic calculations.
What is a register ?
high speed memory that stores data to be processed.
What is a bus ?
A channel of communication used to transport data and instructions in the CPU
What is a clock ?
sends out regular pulse to synchronise the computer’s hardware components.
What are the three main functions of the Control Unit ?
• fetch ,decode, execute instructions • issues control signals that control hardware • moves data around the system
What are the two main functions of the ALU ?
• performs arithmetic and logical operations • gateway between primary memory and secondary storage
What is the purpose of the cache ?
used to temporarily hold data and instructions that the processor is likely to reuse
What are the two types of cache ?
L1, L2
What are the properties of L1 cache ?
• extremely fast transfer rates • very small in size.
What does L1 cache hold ?
most frequently used instructions and data.