Islamic Renaissance - midterm
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What are the important geographical feature of the Arabian peninsula?
• Islam began in Mecca in 600 cE which is in the Arabian peninsula. • It lies near the intersection of Africa, Asia, and Europe. • Its home land to the Arab people and the center of Islam • Its surrounded by civilization but its climates and desserts kept it somewhat isolated • The desert has limited water which is located mainly in the oasis, and the oasis is a wet fertile area in the desert.
How did Muhammad unify Arabs and spread the Muslim faith?
He called for people to live lives of honesty, compassion, and justice.
What is the purpose of the 5 pillars of Islam?
To remind Muslims of their faith, their duties to God, and their responsibilities to others.
How was Baghdad’s House of Wisdom essential increasing a Golden AGe of Islam?
BEcause it was a time of great achievements in science, medicine, art, mathematics, and literature.
How did Hajj promote the exchange of ideas and goods throughout the Islamic world?
Because all the people who were traveling to Mecca to make their pilgrimage also could promote the exchange of ideas and goods.
What was the Islamic view on slavery and treatment and emancipation of enslaved persons?
• Islam regulated slavery, they acknowledged it, but they also encouraged the emancipation. • You could not abuse a slave • They granted rights like marriage to the slaves and earn their freedom
How did the position of women in Arabia change with the rise of Islam?
It changed because the Qur’an introduced new rights and protection for women which includes the right to inherit property, divorce, own land, and receive an education. But before the Qur’an was introduced, women in Rabia often had few legal rights and were not treated equally to men.
Why are the Mughal, Ottoman, and Safavid Empires called “Gunpowder Empires”?
They were called that because they heavily relied on Gunpowder technology especially cannons and firearms to conquer vast territories.
How were Islamic empires similar in their views of religious toleration?
• They were open to other religions based on where they are located in the world • They were tolerant • They are all monotheistic.
How were Islamic empires similar in their views of support of the arts?
• All 3 empires actively patronized the arts (rulers funded and encouraged them) • They all supported architecture, (mosques, palaces) calligraphy, paintings, textiles and literature. • All the rulers believed art showed wealth, legitimacy, and cultural strength.
How were Islamic empires similar in their views of creation of centralized governments?
• Each Empire had a strong central ruler, sultan or shah, with significant authority • Governments were organized and efficiently allowing rulers to control taxes and enforce laws. • Religion was often used to legitimize political authority, linking obedience to both state and faith • Power was concentrated in the hands of the ruler and a professional bureaucracy that helped rulers to control taxes and enforce laws.
Why did the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empire decline?
• The Ottoman Empire declined because of poor leadership and corruption • The Safavid Empire declined due to internal conflict and weak rulers • The Mughal Empire declined after years of war, high taxes, and stricter religious policies by later rulers
How were Islamic empires similar in their views of Soldiers and their Armies?
• All three empires maintained standing Armies, not just temporary forces. they were early adopters of gunpowder weapons like muskets and cannons-why their called Gunpowder empires • Soldiers were usually well trained, paid by the state, and loyal to the ruler • The military plays a key role in expansion and maintaining control over their empires.