Endocrine System- Paper 2
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How does the endocrine system bring about a change in our internal environment?
Glands release hormones into bloodstream, which then travel to the target organ to produce an effect
What are hormones?
Chemical Messenger Protein which has an effect on a target organ
Name the ‘master gland’ that secretes a variety of hormones.
Pituitary gland
Name the hormone that affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney.
ADH
State one difference between the effects of hormones compared to the nervous system.
Hormonal effects are slower/last longer
Name the hormone that decreases blood glucose level.
Insulin
Name the hormone that increases blood glucose level.
Glucagon
Name the organ the produces hormones to control blood glucose level.
Pancreas
State an effect of insulin.
Increase glucose uptake by cells/More respiration/Convert glucose to glycogen to store in liver and muscles/Convert glucose to fat for storage
State an effect of glucagon.
Convert glycogen to glucose/Make glucose from amino acids or fat
What is glycogen?
Complex/Storage carbohydrate made up of glucose in liver and muscles
What is type 1 diabetes?
Condition where pancreas does not make enough/any insulin
What is type 2 diabetes?
Condition where body cells stop responding to insulin properly
Name one symptom of diabetes.
Excess urine/Feeling thirsty/Lack energy/Lose weight/Fatigue
Name a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Lack of exercise/Sugary diet/Obesity
Name a treatment for type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes.
Insulin injection
Name a method to cure type 1 diabetes.
Pancreas or pancreatic cell transplant
Name one treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Carbohydrate-controlled diet/Lose weight/Regular exercise
Which organ produces thyroxine?
Thyroid gland
What is the effect of thyroxine?
Controls metabolic rate
Name the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that controls the production of thyroxine?
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
State one effect of adrenaline.
Increase heart rate/breathing rate/Increase glycogen conversion to glucose/Pupils dilate/Increase mental awareness/More blood flow to muscles
Name the organ that secretes adrenaline.
Adrenal gland
The level of adrenaline is controlled by a negative feedback system. True or false?
FALSE