biology 1
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the cell is
• the basic unit of life
every cell has
• a membrane, like a thin plastic bag
the membrane is made of
• phospholipids and has transport proteins that let things in n out
inside the membrane is
• cytoplasm, a jelly like fluid
inside the cytoplasm are
• organelles
all cells have
• DNA and RNA • cytoplasm • cell membrane
single celled organisms
• one cell does everything needed for life
multicellular organisms
• cells become specialized
group of cells
tissues
group of tissues
organs
group of organs
systems
eukaryotic cells
• have a nucleus • DNA is wrapped around proteins to form chromosomes • have membrane bound organelles
nucleus
• control center • holds DNA
prokaryotic cells
• no nucleus • DNA is loos in the cytoplasm • no membrane bound organelles, only ribosomes
how do prokaryotes divide
• binary fission (simple split)
how do eukaryotes divide
• mitosis (chromosomes line up and divide)
nucleus
• nuclear envelope surrounds it • contains chromatin (DNA) • contains nucleolus (makes ribosomes) • controls cell functions
nuclear pores
• let molecules in and out of the nucleus
organelles
• ribosomes • Golgi complex • vacuoles • vesicle • cytoskeleton • microtubules • cytosol • cytoplasm
ribosomes
• make proteins from amino acids • can float freely or attach to rough ER
Golgi complex
• modifies, packages and ships proteins • located near the nucleus • adds tags to proteins to determine their final destination • forms lysosomes and secretory vesicles
vacuoles
• storage sacs for water, digestion, wastes • plants - one big vacuole • animals - smaller vacuoles
vesicle
• small sac that moves molecules around the cell
cytoskeleton
• gives the cell shape and support • made of 1. microtubules (thick) 2. intermediate filaments 3. actin filaments (thin)