Exam8 History of Medicine
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1st recorded history of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
over 2000 yrs ago
origins of TCM
over 5000 yrs ago
Moxibustion
• therapeutic application of heat to treat a wide variety of conditions (cold damp ailments, arthritis) • moxibustion + cupping thought to pull toxins out of body
What 3 rulers can to origins of TCM be trace back to?
1) Fu Xi 2) Shen Nong** 3) Huang Di
What did Fu Xi do?
• developed I Ching – Book of Changes - 8 trigrams, 9 needles
Who is the Divine Cultivator/Divine Farmer?
Shen Nong
What did Shen Nong do?
• founder of herbal medicine - taught people how to farm
How did Shen Nong determine the nature of different herbal medicines?
• ate them himself to test and analyze their effects - tested 100 herbs, 70 toxic ones in 1 day
What is the 1st written documentation on TCM?
Hung-Di Nei-Jing aka Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine
What is the oldest medical textbook in the world? When was it written?
• Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine - btwn 800 – 200 BC
What does the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine contain?
• guidelines rather than definitive rules on all TCM • foundation for theories of TCM, summarizes and systemizes theories of medicine • meridian theory, physiology, pathology, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, acupuncture, moxibustion
Who is Hua To?
1st of the Taoist physicians (Han dynasty)
What did Hua To do?
• 1st to develop and use anesthetics called Mafei San • 1st person to use narcotic drugs in the world – OPIUM • developed “Five Animal Play”
What is Five Animal Play?
exercises that copy movements and postures of 5 animals: 1) tiger 2) deer 3) bear 4) ape 5) bird
What is the purpose of Five Animal Play?
by copying movements of different animals, all parts of the body were exercised and stretched which activates the flow of fluid and energy in the body
What modern practice is similar to Five Animal Play?
yoga
What discoveries were made during the Zhou dynasty?
• theory of yin and yang - pathogenic factors of external environment as cause of disease
What are the basic principles of Yin and Yang?
• physiology of Chinese medicine believes human body’s life is result of balance of yin and yang • early concept of homeostasis
What is Yin?
• inner and negative principles • inner base to store and provide energy for Yang • blood and body fluid
What is Yang?
• outer and positive principles • protect from outer harm • vital energy that promotes and warms
What is the Basic Substance of TCM?
• moving and energetic particles • state of blood • body fluid
What are the 4 diagnostic tools used by TCM doctor?
1) Observation: demeanor, spirit, pallor, tongue studied to see fxning of internal organs 2) Listening-Smelling: for ex, fruity breath –> diabetes; strong ammonia scented urine –> protein in the urine, renal or heart failure 3) Interrogation: 1st form of patient history, could take wks 4) Palpation: pulse for quality, rhythm and rate
What were the practices of Egyptian physicians?
• embalming • faith healing • non-invasive surgery • autopsy
What is the Edwin Smith Papyrus about?
surgical diagnosis and treatment