6.2.1 amines

end in -amine e.g. propylamine if amine is secondary and has 2 akyl groups attached to nitrogen, then each chain is named and smaller akyl group is preceded by an -N e.g. N-methylpropylamine - H3CH2CH2NHCH3 tertiary amine - similar rules, each alkyl side group given an N e.g. N,N-dimethylpropylamine - CH3CH2CH2-N-CH3 CH3

primary aliphatic amines act as bases as the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen is readily available for forming a dative covalent bond with H+ and so accepts a proton stronger bases than ammonia as akyl groups are electron releasing and push electrons towards the nitrogen atom and so make it a stronger base NH3 + H2O > NH4+ + OH-

primary aromatic amines e.g. phenylamine, don’t form basic solutions as the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen delocalise with the ring of electrons in benzene ring N is less able to accept protons

act as base to form ammonium salts CH3NH2 + HCl > CH3NH3+Cl- addition of NaOH will convert back to amine - ionic salts will be solid crystals if water is evaporated due to strong ionic interactions - ionic salts formed means compounds are soluble in acid

can be formed by nucleophilic substitution reaction between haloalkanes and ammonia reagent: excess ammonia (limits further substitution and maximises amount of primary amine formed) dissolved in ethanol in 2nd step, second ammonia removes a proton from the intermediate (acts as a base) to form amine

forms secondary amine same nucleophilic substitution as primary amine

forms tertiary amine same mechanism as other amine

reagent: Sn and conc HCl conditions: heating mechanism: reduction e.g. nitrobenzene + 6[H] > phenylamine + 2H2O