6 - Automated Systems And Emerging Technologies

A combination of hardware and software that is designed and programmed to work automatically without any human intervention (however they do require humans to monitor them)

• sensors - take in data continuously and sends it to microprocessors • microprocessors - compares the data to threshold/rules/criterea • actuators - take the signals from the microprocessors and turn them into physical movements

• industry • transport • weather • gaming • lighting • science

• faster than humans • much safer - keeps humans away from potentially dangerous situations/environments • process can run/is more likely to run at optimum conditions (this is because small changes can be identified and made quickly) • less expensive in the long run - replaces workforce • higher productivity • more consistent results

• initially expensive to set up • possible that a set of conditions which didn’t occur during testing to show up (makes need for monitoring station —> in case of safety issues) • need for expert help can be hard to access and is expensive • subject to cyber attacks

• a robot may not harm a human through action or inaction • a robot must obey orders given by humans, unless it contradicts law 1 • a robot must protect itself, unless it contradicts law 1

A branch of computer science that bring together the design, construction and operation of robots

• ability to sense their surroundings • have a degree of movement • programmable

• no direct human control • can replace human activity totally

• have a human who is interfacing directly with the robot • can supplement human activity - e.g car assembly plant (humans and robots work together)

• industry • transport • agriculture • medicine • domestic/home use • entertainment

Sensors - reads/takes in data continuously/constantly and sends it to the microprocessor Microprocessor - checks received data against (compares) the rules/threshold/criterea Actuator - if the data lies within the threshold or meets the criterea then the actuator is actived - e.g motor is turned on *if nothing is detected by sensor the process keeps going

Technology that enables computer and machines to simulate human learning, comprehension, problem solving, decision making, creativity and autonomy

• collects data • has rules • ability to reason • ability to learn and adapt

• narrow AI • general AI • strong AI

When a machine has superior performance to a human when doing one specific task

When s machine is similar (not superior) in its performance to a human doing a specific task (can do multiple tasks)

When a machine has superior performance to a human in many tasks - this is only a concept, it doesn’t exists

• expert system • machine learning

A computer system that mimics the decision making ability of a human, expert systems use AI to simulate the judgement and behaviour of a human or organisation that has expert knowledge

The science of training computers with sample data so that they can go on to make predictions about new unseen data, without the need to specifically program them for the new data

• supervised • semi supervised • unsupervised

• info needs to be gathered - taken from experts, books, research papers etc • info is used to populate knowledge base that first needs to be created • rules base needs to be created - made up of a series of inference rules so that the inference engine can draw conclusions • inference engine needs to be set up • user interface needs to be developed • system testing

Main processing element in reasoned decision/conclusion making