Medical Technology - Bionics
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What are artificial joints used for?
Help replace joints such as those in fingers, knees and hips.
What is biocompatibility
The ability of a material to function within a human or organism without the material being damaged or causing damage.
What are pacemakers used for?
Help replace or assist natural pacemakers that control the beating of the heart.
What are prosthetic limbs used for?
Replacing hands, arms or legs.
What is are pins, screws and plates used for?
Repairing bone fractures
What are pins, screws and plates mainly made from?
Metallic alloys
What is a pin?
A versatile implant used for the fixation of bone fragments
When are pins used?
When the fracture is in a place where it is difficult to use a plate
Finish this syllabus dot point - identify parts of the body and the biomaterials and biomedical devices that can be used to replace damaged or diseased body parts including:
• pin, screws and plates • pacemakers • artificial valves • prosthetic limbs • artificial joints • cochlear implants • crowns, dentures Acronym: PSP-PAPA-CCD
Provide characteristics and features of the heart
• One of the most important organs in the human body - A pump, composed of muscle which circulates blood around the body
Provide characteristics and features of the valves
• Present in the heart and in veins • Function: to allow blood to flow in one direction only • Structure: consist of flaps of tissue that prevent the opposite flow from occurring
Provide characteristics and features of the atria (singular atrium)
• Function for the heart: receive blood from he veins before passing it on to the ventricles • Structure: has thin elastic walls
Provide characteristics and features of the ventricles
• Receive blood from the atria • Function: Pump the blood either to the lungs for re-oxygenation (right ventricle) or to the body for distribution to cells (left ventricle) • Structure: Thicker walls and more muscular those of the atria
What is the function of the arteries?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
What is the function of the veins?
Veins carry blood back towards the heart.
What is the structure of the major arteries and veins?
The walls of the major arteries and veins are composed of four layers: • an inner layer of connective tissue • a thick layer of elastic fibres surrounding the connective tissue • a layer of smooth muscle • an outer layer of connective fibres
Why do veins have thinner layers of muscle and elastic fibre?
Because they don’t have to withstand the high pulsing pressures that arteries do
Provide characteristics and features of specialised tissue in the heart
• heart has its’ own natural pacemaker • chambers of the heart will contract when an electrical impulse moves across them • sinus node sends electrical signals directly to theatric, stimulating them to the pump
What are the problems that can result from the interruptions to the normal rhythm of the heart?
• Arrhythmia will occur which is an irregular heartbeat the causes the heart to pump less effectively
Arrhythmia includes:
• a heartbeat that is too slow (bradycardia) • a heartbeat too fast (tachycardia) • irregular heartbeat I.e. Fibrillation
A heartbeat that is too slow can cause:
• fatigue • fainting • light-headedness
A heartbeat that is too fast can cause:
• palpitations • dizziness • light-headedness • sweating
Provide characteristics and features of fibrillation
• Fibrillation in the ventricles is life-threatening and is resolved by using an electrical shock • Fibrillation in the atria may lead to blood clots as the blood is not pumped out in the atrium fully causing it to pool and clot.
What is pyrolytic carbon mainly used as?
• a coating in the manufacture of artificial body parts