Poultry
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poultry
chicken, turkey, ducks
gross annual income
over $45 billion 66.4% broilers, 19.1 eggs, 11.4 turkey, 3.1 other poultry
birth of vertical integration
chicken price declined producers began to rely in feed company as source of credit feed dealers began to depend on feed manufacturers as source of credit feed suppliers and manufactures began to acquire hatcheries and processors
egg industry
90 million eggs annually 65% fresh, the rest is for manufacturing of other foods
United States broiler production
georiga, alabama, arkansas, north carolina, mississippi
feed efficiency
very feed efficient broilers : 45% feed protein- protein in versus protein out eggs: 33% 2:1 feed efficiency
non-meat poultry products
fertile eggs used in preparation of vaccines eggs used in making pharmaceuticals, paints, varnishes, adhesives, and printer’s ink feathers for down chicks for research
evolutionary ancestors
all current breeds of domestic chickens are descended from the red jungle fowl
breeds
divided into class, breed, and then variety (based on colors or markings within same breed)
White Plymouth Rock
dual purpose breeds lay brown eggs used mostly for meat production very muscular, larger body size, white feathers -easier to pick clean, quick gains broilers: approximately 8 weeks old and 5.5 pounds
White Leghorn
single comb, known for egg production, angular hens lay 250 or more eggs per year mostly white shell eggs but sometimes brown- regionality
bronze turkey
black plumage, largest size
large white turkey
90% of turkeys are this variety, similar to bronze but white in color, produced in warmer climates
small white turkey
young turkey
poult
mature male turkey
tom
older turkey chick
pullet
broody
mothering behavior in hens where they are choosing to sit on eggs and incubate them
battery cage
a system of housing poultry in rows of cages in an environmentally controlled building
beak trimming
the practice of removing the tip of the beak from young chicks to prevent injury to other chicks
brooder
a housing unit that includes a heating device to keep young chicks warm supplemental heat needed, brooder rings, litter for bedding, self feeding, feeders and waterers are hung from ceiling
coop
enclosure to keep small flocks
hatchability
the percentage of fertilized eggs that hatch
hatchery
a business that sells fertilized eggs ready to be moved to different parts of the production system