Lipids & Lipoproteins

they are a rich source of energy and an efficient way for the body to store excess calories.

also precursors for the steroid hormones, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins.

found as a constituent of triglycerides or phospholipids

No double bonds

One double bond

two or more double bonds

The major dietary trans fatty acid is _______, an 18- carbon fatty acid with one double bond.

essential fatty acids.

omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 families,

are precursors for the synthesis of eicosanoids that include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, prostacyclins, and leukotrienes.

contain three fatty acid molecules attached to one molecule of glycerol by ester bonds in one of three stereochemically distinct bonding positions

Because it is uncharged, triglyceride is classified as a _____ lipid.

has a choline head group and is the most common phospholipid found on lipoproteins and in cell membranes.

the most abundant phospholipids in the body.

unsaturated steroid alcohol containing four rings (A, B, C, and D), and it has a single C–H side chain tail similar to a fatty acid in its physical properties

classified as a neutral lipid and are not found on the surface of lipid layers but instead are located in the center of intracellular lipid droplets or in the hydrophobic core of lipoproteins, along with triglycerides.

Cholesterol is almost exclusively synthesized by animals, but plants do contain other sterols (called ______)

Bile acids that promote fat absorption in the intestine by acting as detergents.

TRUE/FALSE: The size of the lipoprotein particle correlates with its core neutral lipid content.

Apolipoproteins contain a structural motif called an _________, which accounts for the ability of these proteins to bind to lipids.

They are the major carriers of endogenous (hepatic-derived) triglycerides and transfer triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissue mostly during the fasting state for energy utilization and storage.

the delivery of dietary lipids to hepatic and peripheral cells.

referred to as VLDL remnants, normally only exist transiently during the conversion of VLDL to LDL.

Macrophages that take up too much lipid become filled with intracellular lipid drops and turn into _______, which is the predominant cell type of fatty streaks, an early precursor of atherosclerotic plaques.